Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Parameters | Control Group (n = 48) |
PD Group (n = 215) |
PD-N Subgroup (n = 95) |
PD-MCI Subgroup (n = 84) |
PD-D Subgroup (n = 35) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years 1 | 72 ± 7 | 73 ± 7 | 70 ± 7 | 72 ± 7 | 76 ± 5 |
| Male, n (%) | 29 (60) | 150 (70) | 59 (62) | 62 (74) | 29 (83) |
| Cognitive status, n (%) 2 | |||||
| Normal | 45 (94) | 95 (44) | - | - | - |
| MCI | 2 (4) | 84 (39) | - | - | - |
| Dementia | 1 (2) | 35 (16) | - | - | - |
| MoCA score | 27 ± 3 | 24 ± 5 | 27 ± 2 | 23 ± 3 | 17 ± 5 |
| Hoehn and Yahr scale | - | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.7 |
| UPDRS part III score | - | 40 ± 14 | 34 ± 13 | 45 ± 13 | 49 ± 13 |
1 Data are presented as mean ± SD, unless otherwise specified. 2 Cognitive status was not determined for one participant in the PD group. PD, Parkinson’s disease; N, normal; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; D, dementia; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Score.