ACTH |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
a.ES |
active erosion surface |
BMD |
bone mineral density |
BMPs |
bone morphogenetic proteins |
BS |
bone surface (BS) |
BV/TV |
bone volume/tissue volume |
CAS |
chronic aversive stimuli |
DXA |
dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry |
ES |
erosion surface |
GRF |
ground reaction forces |
HCRs |
high-capacity runners |
HSPs |
heat shock proteins |
It |
intermittent running |
LCRs |
low-capacity runners |
LMHFV |
low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration |
MAR |
metaphyseal mineral apposition rate |
Oc.S |
osteoclast surface |
OPG |
osteoprotegerin |
OVX |
ovariectomized |
RANKL |
receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand |
SRT |
simulated resistance training |
TRAP |
tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase |
CTx |
terminal collagen cross-links |
Tb.N |
trabecular number |
Ct.Th |
cortical thickness |
Tb.BMD |
trabecular BMD |
Tb.Sp |
trabecular spacing |
Tb.Th |
trabecular thickness |
WBVV |
whole-body vertical vibration |