Table 3.

Grimaces Scales Facial Action Units by Species.

Facial Action Unit or Indicator	Species
Orbital Tightening and/or Change in Orbital Area	Cattle [68,85] Equine [33,102] Feline [101] Ferret [106] Lamb [107] Pig [114] Piglet [116] Mouse [100] Rabbit [45] Rat [41] Sheep [70,82]
Cheek Tightening or Flattening	Cattle [68,85] Equine [33] Lamb [107] Pig [114] Piglet [116] Sheep [70,82] Rabbit [45] Rat [41]
Cheek Bulge	Ferret [106] Mouse [100]
Nose Bulge	Ferret [106] Mouse [100] Pig [114] Piglet [116] Rabbit [45]
Nose Flattening	Equine [33] Lamb [107] Rat [41]
Lowered Head Carriage	Equine [33,102] Cattle [68,85] Feline [101] Sheep [70]
Lip curling	Equine [92] Sheep [70]
Abnormal Nostril or Philtrum shape	Cattle [68,85] Equine [33,102] Lamb [107] Rabbit [45] Sheep [70]
Eye Rolling	Cattle [68]
Ear Position	Cattle [68] Equine [33,102] Feline [101] Ferret [106] Lamb [107] Mouse [100] Pig [114] Piglet [116] Rabbits [45] Sheep [70,82]
Whisker Position	Feline [101] Ferret [106] Mouse [100] Rabbit [45] Rat [41]
Abnormal Lip or mouth shape	Equine [33,102] Feline [101] Lamb [107] Sheep [70]
Open Mouth +/− Tongue Extruded	Cattle [68]