Decreased activity of Ets-1 and AP-1 upon syndecan-1 overexpression. (A) Intensive nuclear Ets-1 immunopositivity was present in the empty vector-transfected hepatoma cell lines. A modest decrease of the staining intensity was found in the full-length syndecan-1 transfected cells, whereas nuclei of truncated syndecan-1 transfectants showed hardly any Ets-1 immunoreaction. The protein was partially (full-length) or totally (truncated) sequestered in the cytoplasm; (B) In HepG2, decreased Ets-1 response element-driven promoter activity was found in the truncated transfectants, whereas AP-1 response element-driven promoter activity was suppressed in both full-length and truncated syndecan-1 cell lines. In Hep3B, both syndecan-1 constructs interfered with Ets-1 and AP-1 response element-driven promoter activity; (C) Transfection with either syndecan-1 construct inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases. Data points represent the mean ± SD, (B) n = 3, (C) n = 2; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 versus the empty vector transfectant. Representative images are at 600× magnification (scale bar 30 μm) and 400× magnification (scale bar 50 μm).