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. 2020 Jul 24;99(10):4795–4803. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.063

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© 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

HI titers induced by NDV vaccines. Broilers (n = 12/group) were s.c. (A) or i.m. (B) injected with NDV antigen (Ag) in saline or emulsified in E515-D, Marcol 52, or #10 white oil. Birds injected with saline alone served as a control. Blood samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk after immunization and used for analysis of NDV-specific HI titer. Data are represented as mean ± SD. Bars with different letters are statistically different (P < 0.05). Abbreviations: HI, hemagglutination inhibition; i.m., intramuscularly; NDV, Newcastle disease virus; s.c., subcutaneously.