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. 2020 Oct 29;268:115920. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115920

Table A1.

Computational results for Tietê Station
CO
 PM10
 PM2.5
NN MSE MAE MAPE NN MSE MAE MAPE NN MSE MAE MAPE
Without Z-Score All Inputs ELM 3 0.082 0.241 27.336 55 302.983 14.792 41.053 40 118.040 9.379 68.917
ESN 3 0.104 0.275 35.007 10 226.953 12.543 36.529 70 84.089 8.198 60.844
MLP 5 0.056 0.189 21.054 35 125.516 89.970 22.795 7 58.597 6.129 32.043
RBF 90 0.107 0.290 41.937 90 361.600 17.400 71.145 7 116.624 8.700 82.812
Without COVID ELM 3 0.074 0.229 29.136 25 363.393 16.372 47.747 25 121.795 9.633 71.572
ESN 3 0.068 0.227 29.313 17 355.852 16.807 55.639 17 73.759 7.760 54.564
MLP 7 0.054 0.189 20.939 3 228.692 12.619 32.008 5 54.020 5.728 25.911
RBF 90 0.107 0.290 41.912 90 361.758 17.414 71.173 90 116.684 8.708 82.843
Without COVID and Lockdown ELM 15 0.196 0.355 41.284 20 441.157 18.462 59.690 80 142.555 10.548 76.858
ESN 5 0.072 0.216 24.928 30 447.592 19.187 62.825 60 124.008 9.233 68.624
MLP 5 0.106 0.248 24.881 5 274.828 12.145 29.001 50 73.181 5.655 22.787
RBF 90 0.107 0.291 42.002 90 361.429 17.544 71.302 90 116.337 8.720 82.882
With Z-Score All Inputs ELM 20 0.139 0.334 37.919 50 332.813 16.294 55.894 45 98.053 8.778 59.417
ESN 3 0.090 0.243 27.409 20 274.429 13.738 54.822 35 110.166 8.710 67.406
MLP 5 0.039 0.135 16.132 50 172.991 11.027 30.508 3 56.984 6.054 32.115
RBF 50 0.107 0.290 41.937 90 361.600 17.400 71.145 3 116.628 8.705 82.814
Without COVID ELM 3 0.084 0.242 26.932 35 472.051 19.277 65.402 30 118.146 9.505 69.580
ESN 3 0.091 0.250 27.321 45 361.426 17.398 61.243 25 113.501 8.461 71.963
MLP 5 0.072 0.214 23.736 3 229.299 12.624 32.513 5 43.484 5.494 23.216
RBF 90 0.106 0.290 41.855 90 361.762 17.414 71.173 10 115.453 8.930 82.345
Without COVID and Lockdown ELM 55 0.226 0.389 45.342 25 445.110 18.727 58.367 35 140.325 9.701 72.964
ESN 3 0.095 0.267 31.366 60 326.904 16.261 51.552 8 88.244 8.180 51.650
MLP 5 0.096 0.237 24.660 5 268.293 12.734 30.227 12 69.210 5.750 24.045
RBF 90 0.109 0.292 42.106 60 364.251 17.591 71.336 70 116.452 8.750 82.979
NO2 NO O3
NN MSE MAE MAPE NN MSE MAE MAPE NN MSE MAE MAPE
Without Z-Score All Inputs ELM 3 570.143 18.949 26.896 5 5078.089 59.080 50.701 3 152.666 9.651 14.731
ESN 3 523.303 17.204 27.192 12 15628.355 107.259 111.761 3 175.935 8.487 14.828
MLP 70 608.078 19.198 19.419 70 3433.167 42.272 27.680 3 99.301 8.259 11.462
RBF 5 886.859 25.285 36.021 5 8659.767 76.705 156.927 3 302.236 11.996 20.629
Without COVID ELM 3 510.554 19.691 24.813 3 49881.516 137.964 1172.231 3 276.657 13.781 18.821
ESN 3 627.172 21.815 32.491 3 78881.981 219.920 827.994 15 586.099 20.913 30.830
MLP 55 353.000 16.116 18.310 25 9192.320 42.764 66.788 70 123.546 8.233 13.090
RBF 7 867.116 24.994 35.427 3 111554.876 285.136 2637.350 80 301.881 11.907 20.519
Without COVID and Lockdown ELM 3 749.904 24.518 33.485 3 6961.111 72.554 73.985 3 131.299 9.394 12.071
ESN 15 1861.376 36.211 58.479 45 25439.828 123.837 229.898 3 269.781 13.052 16.959
MLP 3 851.311 25.370 26.479 50 4811.999 53.290 37.489 90 101.570 6.857 11.121
RBF 90 898.970 25.540 36.594 3 9205.445 81.435 160.595 90 301.796 11.914 20.527
With Z-Score All Inputs ELM 3 487.354 18.486 21.649 3 6057.239 63.555 91.520 3 136.731 9.546 15.309
ESN 3 495.247 17.895 26.537 8 13938.590 98.401 127.912 7 238.876 13.117 18.446
MLP 40 582.091 18.977 18.885 80 4080.494 49.610 28.741 17 113.758 8.885 12.352
RBF 10 889.713 25.358 36.396 3 8805.067 77.825 158.019 3 302.235 11.985 20.620
Without COVID ELM 3 474.979 15.936 20.734 3 60013.692 214.782 1084.430 8 264.538 13.597 18.703
ESN 3 842.937 25.159 36.858 3 80788.855 203.875 1247.237 5 241.888 14.196 18.513
MLP 45 533.281 16.090 15.524 3 7461.860 40.342 65.189 90 127.865 9.106 14.463
RBF 12 804.605 24.276 35.628 3 109705.490 283.427 2652.255 90 302.142 11.933 20.552
Without COVID and Lockdown ELM 3 695.472 18.534 27.748 3 5391.007 57.438 58.166 3 131.299 9.394 12.071
ESN 60 1887.730 36.051 58.700 40 25912.029 124.420 240.393 3 347.065 15.199 19.339
MLP 5 763.582 23.187 22.621 80 4334.745 49.248 33.712 90 134.022 8.179 12.276
RBF 90 898.803 25.535 36.590 90 9225.294 78.847 160.696 90 300.184 11.808 20.385

NN: Number of neurons; MSE: Mean Square Error; MAE: Mean Absolute Error; MAPE: Mean Absolute Percentage Error; ∗With COVID means including the number of COVID-19 new cases and the partial lockdown.