Table 2.
Main characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Exposed Group | Healthy Controls | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author and Year | N Comp | NS | N | Mean Age | Sex (M/F) | Type of PHD | Diag. Criteria | N | Mean Age | Sex (M/F) |
| Asai et al. 2009 [52] | 2 | 53 | 37 | 44 | 12/25 | MIG/TTH | IHS | 32 | 44 | 10/22 |
| Ashish et al. 2017 [53] | 1 | 148 | 66 | 39.8 | 26/40 | MIG | Neuh. | 82 | 37.2 | 52/30 |
| Chang et al. 2019 [54] | 1 | 63 | 36 | 43 | 5/31 | MIG | ICVD | 27 | NR | NR |
| Crevits et al. 2012 [55] | 1 | 143 | 47 | 38 | 6/41 | MIG | IHS | 96 | 39 | 30/66 |
| Kandemir et al. 2014 [56] | 3 | 94 | 64 | 35.5 | 6/58 | MIG/TTH | IHS | 30 | 32.8 | 5/25 |
| Miller et al. 2016 [58] | 1 | 20 | 10 | 33 | 2/8 | MIG | IHS | 10 | 27 | 6/4 |
| Winnick et al. 2018 [57] | 1 | 54 | 27 | 43 | 8/19 | MIG | ICVD | 27 | 41 | 11/19 |
Abbreviations: CC = Cases and controls study; F = female; M = male; MIG = migraine; N = number of participants; N comp = number of comparisons of each study; NR = not reported data; NS = sample of each study; PHD = primary headache disorders; Diag = diagnosis; SVV = subjective visual vertical test; TTH = tension-type headache; VVP = perception of visual verticality; HIS = The International Classification of Headache Disorders; ICVD = International Classification of Vestibular Disorders; Neuh = Neuhauster’s Classification.