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. 2020 Sep 24;12(10):2741. doi: 10.3390/cancers12102741

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of gastric cancer pathogenesis. (A) The contribution of environmental factors, nutrition, and infectious agents. Chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori is considered the main infectious agent in combination with diet, smoking, and alcohol. All these conditions drive the precancerous cascade of the intestinal-type of gastric cancer. (B) Host genetic factors, including hereditary cancer susceptibility syndromes, drive the carcinogenesis process of diffuse-type gastric cancer. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent infection has been described as associated with both subtypes of gastric cancer (GC).