Table I.

Characteristics of included studies

Authors Year	Country	Aim of the article	Patient group	Healthcare professionals	Setting	Co-production element
Intervention studies
(Balán et al., 2013)	USA	Describe experiences with a motivational pharmacotherapy intervention	Spanish-speaking immigrant patients	Psychiatrists	Psychiatric clinic	Co-productive counselling to improve treatment adherence
(DeCamp et al., 2015)	USA	Describe experiences with family advisory groups for clinics and hospitals	Latina mothers	Healthcare professionals	Primary healthcare setting	Identify and address areas for healthcare improvement in a co-productive process
(Lee et al., 2009)	Australia	Describing experiences of a consumer reference group to understand barriers for migrant patients	Ethnic women	Healthcare professionals	Primary healthcare setting	Patient participation in primary health care programme planning and services
(Kaltman et al., 2016)	USA	Measuring the effectiveness of an integrated self-management intervention	Latino patients	Healthcare professionals	Primary healthcare setting	Co-production of an intervention for diabetes and depression self-management
(Polo et al., 2012)	USA	Describing benefits and challenges of strategies aiming at increasing patient participation	Latino patients	Bilingual care managers, healthcare professionals	Mental healthcare setting	Individuals’ contribution to co-production of healthcare service
Interview studies
(King et al., 2015)	Canada	Examining strategies to enhance culturally sensitive care in paediatric rehabilitation	Immigrant parents of children with disabilities	Social workers, occupational and speech therapist	Hospital setting	Tools for and approaches to co-productive culturally sensitive care
(Brassart et al., 2017)	Canada	Describing barriers to and strategies for treatment engagement	Immigrant parents raising a child with a disability	Healthcare professional	Hospital setting	Engagement in and understanding of the therapeutic process of immigrant parents raising a child with a disability
(Naldemirci et al., 2018)	Sweden	Describing the risks of person-centred care in three research projects	Migrant patients	Healthcare professionals	Healthcare setting (used for community setting)	Co-production in person-centred care routines (patient narrative, partnership, and documentation)
Case studies
(Mendenhall et al., 2008)	USA	Describing the clinical journey of a refugee patient	Refugee patient	Healthcare professionals, outreach coordinator	Primary healthcare setting	A co-productive partnership between patient and healthcare professionals
(Balachandra et al., 2009)	USA	Describing the clinical journey of a refugee patient	Refugee patient	Healthcare professionals, Interpreters	Primary healthcare setting	Co-production between patient and health care professionals
(Cochran et al., 2017)	USA	Describing the tragic medical case of a Pakistani immigrant family	Immigrant parents to a terminally ill child	Healthcare professionals	Hospital setting	Cultural humility in shared decision-making
Systematic review
(Mead et al., 2013)	USA	Review of literature on shared-decision making	Minority patients	Healthcare professionals	Hospital setting	Factors influencing co-production with minority patients
Other publications
(Borkan et al., 2008)	USA	Perspective paper describing a framework for quality care that relates to ethnicity-based on case examples	Migrant patients	Healthcare professionals	Hospital setting	Approaches and tools to achieve co-productive cultural competency and humility
(Benson et al., 2010)	Australia	Editorial describing a refugee’s experiences of mental health services	Refugee patient	Healthcare professionals	Hospital setting	The role of narrative competence in co-producing a patient’s diagnosis and treatment
(Alegria et al., 2020)	USA	Editorial describing lessons learnt about how to engage ethnic minorities	Minority patients	Healthcare professionals	Mental healthcare setting	The role of egalitarian collaboration in the clinical encounter