Table II.

Factors towards co-production with immigrant patients

Nr.	Factor	Underlying strategy	How to exactly?
1	Prioritizing co-production in the organization	Create consensus on co-production across all organization levels Allow creativity amongst people working on the frontline	No “tokenistic gesture” Allocating time and other resources Having organizational practices and habits for co-production
2	Providing a safe environment that promotes trust and patience	Signalizing “I see you, I hear you and I try to understand you”	Allowing trust to be built little by little Exercising patience
3	Using a language the patient understands	“Tune in” on how to communicate with the patient	Taking time for friendly, simplified communication Using a medical competent interpreter
4	Respecting the patient’s knowledge and priorities	Create a shared starting point by listening to the patient’s story and worries	Learning about the underlying cultural background for patient’s priorities Considering family situation Acknowledging the patient’s resources and other priorities Including family/society context
5	Improvising with knowledge and courage	Be creative in meeting the patient’s needs	Tailoring interventions to the patient’s reality Including approaches outside the biomedical paradigm Accepting the open-ended process
6	Engaging in self-reflection	Take a step back and do not let harmful stereotypes affect your judgement	Being aware of stereotypic views, own norms, and values Asking questions Learning about other cultures