Table 3.

Imaging results

Brain region	Hem	p (FWE) cluster	Cluster size	p (FWE) peak	T peak	MNI coord. (mm)
A) Main effect: shame > neutral
Middle temporal gyrus	L	0.003	135	0.021	5.50	− 57, − 50, 0
				0.061	5.09	− 47, − 64, − 5
Inferior frontal gyrus	R	0.026	64	0.030	5.36	48, 30, − 10
				0.240	4.51	53, 28, 2
B) Main effect: guilt > neutral
Superior frontal gyrus	L/R	0.046	45	0.039	5.31	− 2, 13, 60
Occipital fusiform gyrus	R	0.001	148	0.039	5.31	28, − 80, − 15
				0.350	4.37	10, − 74, − 12
				0.359	4.36	30, − 62, − 22
Occipital fusiform gyrus	L	0.012	80	0.161	4.74	− 24, − 72, − 18
				0.220	4.60	− 24, − 60, − 18
C) Main effect: disgust > neutral
Inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula	L	< 0.001	217	< 0.001	8.93	− 50, 28, 8
				0.010	5.82	− 50, 18, 8
				0.360	4.36	− 44, 23, − 10
Middle temporal gyrus	L	< 0.001	197	0.003	6.30	− 57, − 50, 2
				0.153	4.75	− 60, − 37, 2
				0.221	4.59	− 52, − 62, − 5
Occipital fusiform gyrus/cerebellum exterior	R	< 0.001	386	0.003	6.21	26, − 74, − 18
				0.120	4.86	20, − 80, − 8
Anterior insula	L	0.043	47	0.019	5.58	− 24, 23, − 12
Superior frontal gyrus	L/R	0.018	69	0.041	5.29	− 2, 10, 60
Supramarginal gyrus	L	0.013	78	0.082	5.02	− 62, − 30, 35
D) Main effect: shame > guilt
Middle/inferior temporal gyrus	L	0.014	82	0.072	5.03	− 54, − 52, − 10
				0.102	4.89	− 52, − 60, − 8
E) BPD > HC: guilt + shame > disgust
Amygdala	R	0.047	46	0.015	5.65	20, 0, − 20

Significant activations for shame (A), guilt (B) and disgust (C) vs. neutral scenarios. D Main effect shame > guilt. E Significant interaction between the group factor and emotional content, i.e., shame and guilt scenarios on the one hand and disgust scenarios on the other hand. The table shows three local maxima more than 8.0 mm apart