Table 3.
Results of Cox proportional hazards regression for medication.
| Univariable | Multivariable* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| ACE inhibitor | 4.30 (1.60, 11.56) | 0.004 | 0.58 (0.20, 1.68) | 0.314 |
| AR blocker | 3.58 (2.63, 4.87) | < .0001 | 0.93 (0.65, 1.32) | 0.668 |
| Beta blocker | 4.77 (3.16, 7.19) | < .0001 | 1.18 (0.73, 1.88) | 0.502 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 3.81 (2.77, 5.24) | < .0001 | 1.03 (0.72, 1.48) | 0.875 |
| Loop diuretics | 14.64 (8.35, 25.67) | < .0001 | 2.17 (1.14, 4.11) | 0.018 |
| Acarbose | 15.45 (3.84, 62.20) | 0.001 | 8.36 (1.89, 36.93) | 0.005 |
| Sulfonylurea | 5.43 (3.46, 8.53) | < .0001 | 1.12 (0.66, 1.93) | 0.671 |
| Metformin | 5.82 (4.13, 8.18) | < .0001 | 1.41 (0.86, 2.33) | 0.179 |
| DDP-4 inhibitor | 5.84 (3.82, 8.93) | < .0001 | 1.29 (0.75, 2.21) | 0.358 |
| Fenofibrate | 3.47 (2.57, 4.68) | < .0001 | 0.87 (0.59, 1.28) | 0.470 |
| Statin | 3.23 (1.20, 8.68) | 0.020 | 1.23 (0.44, 3.44) | 0.688 |
| NSAID | 5.11 (2.71, 9.65) | < .0001 | 1.31 (0.68, 2.53) | 0.424 |
| Aspirin | 6.58 (4.80, 9.02) | < .0001 | 1.19 (0.79, 1.79) | 0.397 |
*Adjusted for age, sex, income level, residence, household type, disability, symptom, and infection route.
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, AR angiotensin receptor, DDP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, NSAID non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.