Table 1.
Descriptive for the sample (n = 512).
| Women | Men | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 39) | (n = 473) | ||||
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 10 | 25.6% | 188 | 39.7% | .013* |
| Married | 18 | 46.2% | 227 | 48.0% | |
| Divorced | 11 | 28.2% | 58 | 12.3% | |
| Education | |||||
| Primary | 22 | 56.4% | 271 | 57.3% | .552 |
| Secondary | 8 | 20.5% | 122 | 25.8% | |
| University | 9 | 23.1% | 80 | 16.9% | |
| Employment | |||||
| Unemployed | 18 | 46.2% | 190 | 40.2% | .465 |
| Employed | 21 | 53.8% | 283 | 59.8% | |
| Social position index | |||||
| High | 0 | 0.0% | 8 | 1.7% | .022* |
| Mean-high | 5 | 12.8% | 26 | 5.5% | |
| Mean | 6 | 15.4% | 70 | 14.8% | |
| Mean-low | 14 | 35.9% | 94 | 19.9% | |
| Low | 14 | 35.9% | 275 | 58.1% | |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |
| Chronological age (years) | 48.31 | 11.98 | 42.54 | 13.49 | .010* |
| Age of onset (years) | 25.99 | 11.40 | 20.62 | 8.52 | .001* |
| DSM-5 total criteria | 6.05 | 2.80 | 7.22 | 1.94 | .001* |
| GRCS: total cognitive bias | 62.77 | 31.38 | 65.53 | 32.81 | .613 |
| PHQ: depression total | 8.23 | 7.34 | 7.47 | 6.78 | .501 |
| UPPS-P: lack of premeditation | 22.13 | 6.55 | 23.72 | 7.09 | .177 |
| UPPS-P: lack of perseverance | 16.67 | 5.14 | 21.37 | 6.13 | .001* |
| UPPS-P: sensation seeking | 21.72 | 7.47 | 26.73 | 8.28 | .001* |
| UPPS-P: positive urgency | 27.28 | 10.37 | 31.65 | 11.56 | .023* |
| UPPS-P: negative urgency | 30.31 | 8.65 | 32.32 | 8.17 | .143 |
| TCI-R: harm avoidance | 102.87 | 13.78 | 98.91 | 12.57 | .061 |
| TCI-R: self-directedness | 142.77 | 26.21 | 131.84 | 23.56 | .006* |
| SLE: lifespan total | 8.18 | 4.67 | 5.74 | 4.36 | .001* |
DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; GRCS, gambling-related cognitions scale; PHQ, patient health questionnaire; SLE, stressful life events; TCI-R, temperament and character inventory-revised; UPPS-P, impulsive behavior scale; SD, standard deviation.
*Bold: significant comparison (0.05 level).