Table 3.
Associations between preconception and antepartum symptoms of CMD with gestational age and size for gestational age in infants from men (N = 421).
| Preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation) |
Gestational age at birth (weeks) |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| %⁎⁎ | Unadjusted RR | (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted RR* | (95% CI) | p-value | Mean (SD) | Unadjusted beta | (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted beta* | (95% CI) | p-value | |||||
| Symptoms of CMD in adolescence and young adulthood⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||||||
| None | 2 | 39.40 (1.50) | ||||||||||||||||
| Adolescent only | 9.2 | 4.58 | (0.97, | 21.74) | 0.055 | 4.28 | (0.97, | 18.92) | 0.055 | 38.93 (2.73) | −0.47 | (−1.26, | 0.32) | 0.246 | −0.42 | (−1.18, | 0.33) | 0.273 |
| Young adulthood only | 6.8 | 3.71 | (0.81, | 16.94) | 0.090 | 3.71 | (0.84, | 16.35) | 0.083 | 39.27 (1.93) | −0.18 | (−0.87, | 0.51) | 0.608 | −0.18 | (−0.86, | 0.51) | 0.611 |
| Both adolescent and young adulthood | 17.2 | 8.79 | (2.40, | 32.17) | 0.001 | 6.97 | (1.81, | 26.84) | 0.005 | 38.54 (2.32) | −0.83 | (−1.53, | −0.13) | 0.020 | −0.76 | (−1.51, | −0.01) | 0.048 |
| Symptoms of CMD at 32 weeks gestation⁎⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 5.7 | 39.23 (1.92) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 10.5 | 1.58 | (0.34, | 7.41) | 0.563 | 1.19 | (0.26, | 5.41) | 0.821 | 38.67 (2.22) | −0.53 | (−1.42, | 0.36) | 0.244 | −0.52 | (−1.44, | 0.39) | 0.262 |
| Small for gestational age (<10th centile) |
Size for gestational age (birthweight z-scores) |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| %⁎⁎ | Unadjusted RR | (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted RR* | (95% CI) | p-value | Mean (SD) | Unadjusted beta | (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted beta* | (95% CI) | p-value | |||||
| Symptoms of CMD in adolescence and young adulthood⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||||||
| None | 5.1 | 0.19 (0.93) | ||||||||||||||||
| Adolescent only | 9 | 1.75 | (0.55, | 5.55) | 0.338 | 1.45 | (0.44, | 4.72) | 0.538 | 0.15 (1.10) | −0.05 | (−0.41, | 0.32) | 0.809 | −0.03 | (−0.39, | 0.33) | 0.883 |
| Young adulthood only | 3.9 | 0.72 | (0.11, | 4.75) | 0.731 | 0.68 | (0.11, | 4.34) | 0.686 | 0.39 (0.98) | 0.16 | (−0.21, | 0.53) | 0.405 | 0.16 | (−0.21, | 0.52) | 0.400 |
| Both adolescent and young adulthood | 9.6 | 1.81 | (0.63, | 5.19) | 0.269 | 1.39 | (0.46, | 4.24) | 0.560 | 0.07 (1.16) | −0.06 | (−0.44, | 0.32) | 0.769 | −0.02 | (−0.39, | 0.35) | 0.927 |
| Symptoms of CMD at 32 weeks gestation⁎⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||||||||||||
| No | 6.1 | 0.18 (1.01) | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 7.2 | 1.02 | (0.24, | 4.33) | 0.984 | 0.96 | (0.18, | 5.02) | 0.960 | 0.31 (1.03) | 0.11 | (−0.23, | 0.45) | 0.532 | 0.09 | (−0.26, | 0.44) | 0.605 |
Imputed models using Poisson or linear regression within a generalised estimating equation framework with robust standard errors.
adjusted for parents of participant completing high school, ethnicity, overweight, underweight, binge drinking and tobacco smoking in adolescence. Analyses at 32 weeks gestation also adjusted for symptoms of CMD in adolescence and young adulthood.
Proportion with outcome for each category of exposure.
Preconception symptoms defined as: adolescent: CIS-R ≥ 12 in any wave 1–6; young adult: CIS-R ≥ 12 in wave 7 or GHQ-12≥3 in wave 8 or GHQ-12≥3 in wave 9 or CIDI diagnosis at wave 9.
Antepartum symptoms defined as: GHQ-12≥3 at 32 weeks gestation.