. 2020 Oct 22;2020:8875773. doi: 10.1155/2020/8875773

Table 4.

Measures of alpha diversity of ruminal archaea community in fermenters associated with the solid phase as determined using QIIME and 16S rRNA sequences.

Estimators	Osmolality¹			Temperature (°C)			Betaine²				P value^$
	Normal	Hyper	SE^∗	39.5	42	SE^∗	Control	Low	High	SE^∗	O ³	T ³	B ³	Interaction⁴
ACE	1622.5	1430.2	32.8	1533.2	1519.5	32.9	1469	1557.3	1552.2	38.03	<0.001	0.71	0.11	(B × T)
Shannon index	4.83	4.794	0.04	4.84	4.77	0.04	4.74	4.87	4.82	0.05	0.50	0.23	0.19
Simpson index	0.909	0.9093	0.002	0.911	0.907	0.002	0.903	0.912	0.911	0.003	0.94	0.29	0.11
Singles	417.2	368.35	8.90	394.9	390.6	8.91	402.2	402.2	397.5	10.19	<0.001	0.66	0.12	(B × T)

¹Normal osmolality ~ 295 mOsmol kg⁻¹; hyperosmolality ~ 420 mOsmol kg⁻¹. ²Betaine levels: control (0), low (51), and high (286) ppm. ³O: osmolality; T: temperature; B: betaine. ⁴Only effects with significance (P ≤ 0.05) or tendency marked with bracket (P ≤ 0.10) are listed. ^∗Standard error. ^$P value is for testing the fixed effect of osmolality (n = 36), temperature (n = 36), and betaine addition (n = 24). Significance: P < 0.05.