TABLE 3.
aORs and 95% CIs of Obesity (Wt-Age>90th Percentile), Underweight (Wt-Age Less Than Fifth Percentile), Stunted (Height-Age Less Than Fifth Percentile), Fair or Poor Health, and Developmental Risk by Age and Food Security Status
| <13 mo | 13–24 mo | 25–36 mo | 37–48 mo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obese (all)a | 1.00 | 1.11 (1.01–1.21)b | 1.71 (1.55–1.88)b | 2.17 (1.97–2.40)b |
| Reference | .02 | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Food security statusc | ||||
| FS (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| HFI/child secure | 0.85 (0.71–1.01) | 0.99 (0.82–1.22) | 1.24 (1.01–1.52)b | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) |
| HFI/CFI | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 0.94 (0.77–1.16) | 0.83 (0.67–1.04) | 1.17 (0.94–1.44) |
| Underweight (all)a | 1.00 | 1.19 (1.07–1.32)b | 0.68 (0.59–0.78)b | 0.49 (0.41 −0.78)b |
| Reference | .001 | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Food security statusc | ||||
| FS (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| HFI/child secure | 0.89 (0.73–1.09) | 1.03 (0.83–1.29) | 1.37 (0.98–1.90) | 1.14 (0.74–1.75) |
| HFI/CFI | 0.98 (0.78–1.24) | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) | 1.22 (0.87–1.72) | 0.58 (0.34–1.00) |
| Stunted (all)a | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.61–0.78)b | 0.48 (0.41–0.56)b | 0.50 (0.42–0.60) |
| Reference | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Food security statusc | ||||
| FS (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| HFI/child secure | 0.98 (0.79–1.20) | 1.06 (0.79–1.42) | 0.92 (0.61–1.41) | 0.63 (0.39–1.02) |
| HFI/CFI | 0.95 (0.76–1.20) | 0.91 (0.67–1.23) | 1.18 (0.80–1.74) | 0.82 (0.53–1.27) |
| Fair or poor health (all)a | 1.00 | 1.59 (1.44–1.75)b | 1.68 (1.51–1.88)b | 1.93 (1.71 −2.19)b |
| Reference | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Food security statusc | ||||
| FS (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| HFI/child secure | 1.42 (1.18–1.71)b | 1.53 (1.25–1.87)b | 1.37 (1.07–1.75)b | 1.73 (1.34–2.23)b |
| HFI/CFI | 1.66 (1.36–2.03)b | 1.91 (1.58–2.32)b | 1.85 (1.48–2.32)b | 1.55 (1.20–2.01)b |
| Developmental risk (all)a | 1.00 | 1.90 (1.68–2.15)b | 3.28 (2.88–3.72)b | 3.44 (3.00–3.95)b |
| Reference | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Food security statusc | ||||
| FS (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| HFI/child secure | 1.12 (0.85–1.47) | 1.12 (0.90–1.39) | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 1.32 (1.02–1.72)b |
| HFI/CFI | 1.49 (1.11–1.98)b | 1.22 (0.98–1.53) | 1.35 (1.08–1.69)b | 1.44 (1.12–1.85)b |
Analyses controlled for site; maternal age, education, race and/or ethnicity, marital status, and employment; and child age, birth wt, and food assistance participation. Obesity and underweight models also included maternal BMI. N = 23 678.
a
Comparisons across age categories with 0–12 as the reference.
b
Significant associations.
c
Comparisons within age categories with FS as the reference.