Table 1.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of the study participants.
| Variables | Whole Training Set | Whole Validation Set | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastric Cancer (n = 69) |
Control (n = 67) |
p-Value | Gastric Cancer (n = 34) |
Control (n = 33) |
p-Value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 53.3 ± 11.1 | 54.9 ± 11.8 | 0.447 | 54.1 ± 9.1 | 55.4 ± 10.2 | 0.519 |
| Gender, male (%) | 68.1 | 71.6 | 0.654 | 58.8 | 66.7 | 0.507 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 22.7 ± 3.2 | 23.1 ± 4.2 | 0.528 | 22.1 ± 3.9 | 22.8 ± 5.5 | 0.621 |
| Helicobacter pylori infection, n (%) | ||||||
| Infected | 22 (31.9) | 22 (32.8) | 0.716 | 13 (38.2) | 11 (33.3) | 0.897 |
| Uninfected | 15 (21.7) | 18 (26.9) | 7 (20.6) | 8 (24.2) | ||
| Not examined | 32 (46.4) | 27 (40.3) | 14 (41.2) | 14 (42.4) | ||
| Smoker, n (%) | ||||||
| Current smoker | 16 (23.2) | 15 (22.4) | 0.956 | 6 (17.6) | 7 (21.2) | 0.506 |
| Past smoker | 15 (21.7) | 16 (23.9) | 5 (14.7) | 8 (24.2) | ||
| Nonsmoker | 38 (55.1) | 36 (53.7) | 23 (67.6) | 18 (54.5) | ||
| Alcoholics, n (%) | ||||||
| Heavy alcoholics | 12 (17.4) | 10 (14.9) | 0.696 | 6 (17.6) | 5 (15.2) | 0.783 |
| Social drinker | 57 (82.6) | 57 (85.1) | 28 (82.4) | 28 (84.8) | ||
| Laboratory finding | ||||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 102 ± 6 | 100 ± 11 | 0.767 | 103 ± 8 | 102 ± 2 | 0.551 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 161 ± 22 | 156 ± 32 | 0.614 | 162 ± 11 | 151 ± 17 | 0.324 |
| AST (U/L) | 27 ± 9 | 26 ± 2 | 0.522 | 26 ± 8 | 28 ± 8 | 0.483 |
| ALT (U/L) | 19 ± 3 | 20 ± 4 | 0.559 | 17 ± 18 | 21 ± 3 | 0.427 |
| ALP (U/L) | 74 ± 15 | 70 ± 12 | 0.311 | 73 ± 9 | 72 ± 2 | 0.652 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.682 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.531 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 14.1 ± 3.1 | 13.5 ± 3.7 | 0.747 | 14.3 ± 2.6 | 13.1 ± 5.9 | 0.829 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.07 ± 0.8 | 0.97 ± 0.4 | 0.299 | 1.09 ± 0.5 | 0.98 ± 0.9 | 0.185 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 5.0 ± 1.5 | 0.688 | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 4.9 ± 2.1 | 0.759 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| Systolic | 130 ± 16 | 126 ± 15 | 0.738 | 126 ± 19 | 123 ± 21 | 0.717 |
| Diastolic | 73 ± 12 | 74 ± 7 | 0.580 | 75 ± 18 | 72 ± 15 | 0.392 |
| TNM stage a | - | - | - | - | ||
| I (IA/IB) | 46 (37/9) | 23 (19/4) | ||||
| II (IIA/IIB) | 7 (5/2) | 3 (2/1) | ||||
| III | 10 | 5 | ||||
| IV | 6 | 3 | ||||
| Presence of lymph node metastasis, n (%) | 15 (21.7) | - | - | 7 (20.6) | - | - |
| Histologic diagnosis, n (%) | - | - | - | - | ||
| Differentiated | 37 (53.6) | 18 (52.9) | ||||
| Undifferentiated | 32 (46.4) | 16 (47.1) | ||||
| Epstein–Barr virus positivity, n (%) | 8 (11.6) | 4 (11.8) | ||||
| Serum tumor marker (>cutoff value/total) |
- | - | ||||
| CA 19-9 b | 3 (4.3) | 1 (1.5) | 0.324 | 1 (2.9) | 0 | 0.321 |
| CEA c | 2 (2.9) | 1 (1.5) | 0.577 | 0 | 0 | - |
| CA 72-4 d | 6 (8.7) | 2 (3.0) | 0.157 | 2 (5.9) | 1 (3.0) | 0.573 |
a According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual (7th edition); b Cutoff value of >37 U/mL; c Cutoff value of >7 ng/mL; d Cutoff value of >4 U/mL.