AGE |
advanced glycation end product |
ALP |
alkaline phosphatase |
ARE |
antioxidant response elements |
α-SMA |
smooth muscle α-actin |
ATF |
activating transcription factor |
BMPs |
bone morphogenetic proteins |
CHOP |
CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein |
CKD |
chronic kidney disease |
COPD |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
eIF2α |
eukaryotic initiation factor 2α |
eNOS |
endothelial NO synthase |
ER |
endoplasmic reticulum |
Ero1 |
ER oxidoreductin 1 |
Fzd |
Frizzled |
Gpx |
glutathione peroxidase |
HIF |
hypoxia inducible factor |
HIF-1α |
hypoxia inducible factor alpha subunit |
HREs |
hypoxia response elements |
IκB |
inhibitor of κB |
IKK |
IκB kinase |
IL-1β |
interleukin-1 beta |
Keap1 |
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
LEF |
lymphoid enhancer factor |
LPS |
lipopolysaccharide |
MAPK |
mitogen-activated protein kinase |
Msx |
muscle segment homeobox homolog |
Nox |
NADPH oxidase |
Nrf2 |
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
NF-κB |
nuclear factor kappa B |
OCN |
osteocalcin |
8-OHdG |
8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine |
oxLDL |
oxidized low-density lipoprotein |
P |
phosphate |
PERK |
pancreatic ER kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase |
PHDs |
prolyl hydroxylase enzymes |
Pi |
inorganic phosphate |
Pit1 |
type III sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter 1 |
PPi |
pyrophosphate |
Prdx |
peroxiredoxin |
RAGE |
receptor for AGEs |
ROS |
reactive oxygen species |
SOD |
superoxide dismutase |
Sox9 |
Sry-related HMG box-9 |
TCF |
T cell transcription factor |
TGF-β |
transforming growth factor beta |
TNF-α |
tumor necrosis factor alpha |
UPR |
unfolded protein response |
VSMCs |
vascular smooth muscle cells |
Wnt |
wingless/mouse mammary tumor virus integration site |
XBP1 |
X box-binding protein 1 |