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. 2020 Oct 8;9(10):963. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100963
AGE advanced glycation end product
ALP alkaline phosphatase
ARE antioxidant response elements
α-SMA smooth muscle α-actin
ATF activating transcription factor
BMPs bone morphogenetic proteins
CHOP CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein
CKD chronic kidney disease
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
eIF2α eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
eNOS endothelial NO synthase
ER endoplasmic reticulum
Ero1 ER oxidoreductin 1
Fzd Frizzled
Gpx glutathione peroxidase
HIF hypoxia inducible factor
HIF-1α hypoxia inducible factor alpha subunit
HREs hypoxia response elements
IκB inhibitor of κB
IKK IκB kinase
IL-1β interleukin-1 beta
Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LEF lymphoid enhancer factor
LPS lipopolysaccharide
MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
Msx muscle segment homeobox homolog
Nox NADPH oxidase
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B
OCN osteocalcin
8-OHdG 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine
oxLDL oxidized low-density lipoprotein
P phosphate
PERK pancreatic ER kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase
PHDs prolyl hydroxylase enzymes
Pi inorganic phosphate
Pit1 type III sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter 1
PPi pyrophosphate
Prdx peroxiredoxin
RAGE receptor for AGEs
ROS reactive oxygen species
SOD superoxide dismutase
Sox9 Sry-related HMG box-9
TCF T cell transcription factor
TGF-β transforming growth factor beta
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
UPR unfolded protein response
VSMCs vascular smooth muscle cells
Wnt wingless/mouse mammary tumor virus integration site
XBP1 X box-binding protein 1