Table 6.
Predictive validity of various tools used to evaluate nutritional risk or malnutrition in older adults with COVID-19.
| Author | NST | Length of Stay (LOS) | Appetite Change | Weight Change | Hospital Expenses | Complications | Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu et al., 2020 [46] | NRS-2002 | Nutritional risk predicted longer LOS; OR (95% CI): 0.102 (0.042–0.250), p = 0.000; AUC for LOS > 30 days (95% CI): 0.724 (0.640–0.808), p = 0.000. Rating: Weak. |
Nutritional risk predicted change in appetite; OR (95% CI) for no change: 11.179 (3.881–32.169), p = 0.000; AUC for poor appetite (95% CI): 0.670 (0.586–0.747), p = 0.014. Rating: Poor. |
Nutritional risk predicted weight change; OR (95% CI): 0.128 (0.047–0.350), p = 0.000; AUC for weight change >2.6 kg (95% CI): 0.613 (0.528–0.694), p = 0.000. Rating: Poor. |
Nutritional risk predicted higher hospital expenses (CNY); OR (95% CI): 0.131 (0.054–0.313), p = 0.000; AUC for hospital expenses > CNY 56,163 (95% CI): 0.667 (0.583–0.744), p = 0.000. Rating: Poor. |
Nutritional risk predicted greater disease severity; OR (95% CI): 0.095 (0.031–0.292), p = 0.000. | - |
| Liu et al., 2020 [46] | MNA-sf | Nutritional risk predicted longer LOS; OR (95% CI): 0.401 (0.198–0.813), p = 0.011; AUC for LOS > 30 days (95% CI): 0.602 (0.304–0.492), p = 0.032. Rating: Poor. |
Nutritional risk predicted change in appetite; OR (95% CI) for no change: 40.731 (13.681–121.389), p = 0.000; AUC for poor appetite (95% CI): 0.868 (0.801–0.919), p = 0.000. Rating: Good. |
Nutritional risk predicted weight change; OR (95% CI): 0.085 (0.035–0.206), p = 0.000; AUC for weight change >2.6 kg (95% CI): 0.895 (0.832–0.940), p = 0.000. Rating: Good. |
Nutritional risk predicted higher hospital expenses (CNY); OR (95% CI): 0.436 (0.216–0.880), p = 0.021; AUC for hospital expenses > CNY 56,163 (95% CI): 0.597 (0.511–0.679), p = 0.063. Rating: Failure. |
Nutritional risk predicted greater disease severity; OR (95% CI): 0.632 (0.289–1.382), p = 0.250. Rating: Poor. |
- |
| Liu et al., 2020 [46] | MUST | Nutritional risk did not predict longer LOS; OR (95% CI): 0.722 (0.391–1.334), p = 0.298; non-significant AUC for LOS > 30 days (95% CI): 0.506 (0.421–0.591), p = 0.887. | Nutritional risk predicted change in appetite; OR (95%CI) for no change: 2.866 (1.449–5.669), p = 0.002; AUC for poor appetite (95% CI): 0.614 (0.528–0.694), p = 0.009. Rating: Poor. |
Nutritional risk predicted weight change; OR (95% CI): 0.009 (0.003–0.026), p = 0.000; AUC for weight change >2.6 kg (95% CI): 0.887 (0.823–0.934), p = 0.000. Rating: Good. |
Nutritional risk did not predict higher hospital expenses (CNY); OR (95% CI): 0.599 (0.323–1.109), p = 0.103; non-significant AUC for hospital expenses > CNY 56,163 (95% CI): 0.516 (0.430–0.601), p = 0.735. | Nutritional risk did not predict greater disease severity OR (95% CI): 1.367 (0.688–2.718), p = 0.372. | - |
| Liu et al., 2020 [46] | NRI | Nutritional risk predicted longer LOS; OR (95% CI): 0.261 (0.133–0.513), p = 0.000; AUC for LOS > 30 days (95% CI): 0.664 (−0.579 to 0.741), p = 0.000. Rating: Poor. |
Nutritional risk predicted change in appetite; OR (95% CI) for no change: 2.768 (1.363–5.618). p = 0.005; AUC for poor appetite (95% CI): 0.629 (0.544–0.709), p = 0.014. Rating: Poor. |
Nutritional risk predicted weight change; OR (95% CI): 0.182 (0.087–0.378), p = 0.000; AUC for weight change >2.6 kg (95% CI): 0.697 (0.614–0.772), p = 0.000. Rating: Poor. |
Nutritional risk predicted higher hospital expenses (CNY); OR (95% CI): 0.199 (0.100–0.397), p = 0.000; AUC for hospital expenses > CNY 56,163 (95% CI): 0.621 (0.535–0.701), p = 0.019. Rating: Poor. |
Nutritional risk predicted greater disease severity; OR (95% CI): 0.367 (0.173–0.776), p = 0.009. | - |
| Zhang et al., 2020 [43] | mNUTRIC score | Nutritional risk correlated with complications during ICU stay: ARDS (p < 0.001), shock (p < 0.001), acute myocardial injury (p = 0.002), and secondary infection (p = 0.002). Rating: Good. No correlation with acute liver dysfunction (p = 0.820), acute kidney injury (p = 0.172), embolization/thrombosis (p = 0.281), or pneumothorax (p = 0.856). | Nutritional risk correlated with death in the ICU after 28 days (p < 0.001). Rating: Good. |
Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AUC, Area Under the Curve; CI, Confidence Interval; CNY, Chinese Yuan; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit; MNA-sf, Mini Nutritional Assessment-short form; mNUTRIC, modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill; MUST, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool; OR, Odds Ratio; NRI, Nutritional Risk Index; NRS-2002, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002; NST, Nutritional Screening Tool.