Figure 1.

Redox homeostasis and antioxidant supplementation. (a) Oxidative stressors comprise of external and internal stressors, exerting oxidative chemical reactions in organism. Oxidation is an indispensable bioenergetic process to sustain life. (b) Reductive stressors are products of antioxidative enzymes that generate antioxidants in response to regular oxidation activity and increased oxidative stress. (c) Antioxidant supplementation attempts to shift the biphasic response from adverse to beneficial phase to maintain nucleophilic tone. This mechanism is called parahormesis.