Table 2.
Effect of the combination of lutein/zeaxanthin, curcumin, and vitamin D (LCD) on serum biochemical parameters in benzalkonium chloride (BAC) induced dry eye syndrome in rats (n = 7).
| Items | Groups | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Dry Eye | Dry Eye + LCD I | Dry Eye + LCD II | ||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 120.43 ± 11.97 | 123.57 ± 7.32 | 122.86 ± 11.14 | 119.29 ± 7.72 | 0.826 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.39 ± 0.11 | 0.38 ± 0.09 | 0.40 ± 0.12 | 0.38 ± 0.08 | 0.974 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 23.24 ± 2.14 | 22.93 ± 0.91 | 22.54 ± 1.71 | 21.24 ± 2.82 | 0.289 |
| TP, g/dL | 7.03 ± 0.57 | 6.90 ± 0.50 | 6.60 ± 0.37 | 6.93 ± 0.34 | 0.352 |
| ALB, g/dL | 3.84 ± 0.39 | 3.66 ± 0.16 | 3.61 ± 0.21 | 3.73 ± 0.24 | 0.410 |
| GLOB, g/dL | 3.76 ± 0.35 a | 3.49 ± 0.22 ab | 3.19 ± 0.26 b | 3.36 ± 0.35 ab | 0.012 |
| ALT, U/L | 86.71 ± 7.54 | 83.00 ± 6.35 | 87.29 ± 10.06 | 84.29 ± 9.89 | 0.764 |
| AST, U/L | 121.00 ± 16.21 | 117.29 ± 13.31 | 122 ± 20.67 | 119.57 ± 12.03 | 0.950 |
| TBIL, mg/dL | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.162 |
LCD: the combination of lutein/zeaxanthin, curcumin, and Vit D3; Control: No treatment; Dry Eye: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) induced dry eye syndrome; LCD I; Dry Eye + LCD I: BAC-induced dry eye syndrome plus LCD I (100 mg/kg body weight); Dry Eye + LCD II: BAC-induced dry eye syndrome plus LCD II (200 mg/kg body weight). BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen; TP: Total Protein; GLOB: Globulin; ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase; TBIL: Total Bilirubin; Data presented as mean and standard deviation (a,b). Means in the same line without a common superscript differ significantly (p < 0.05; ANOVA and Tukey′s post-hoc test). The assays were performed by Biochemical Analyzer.