Table 2.
NPs used in active targeting therapy of liver fibrosis.
| Nanoparticle Systems | NPs Formulation | Delivered Drugs | Targeted Ligand | Targeted Structures | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipid-based NPs | VA-liposomes | Imatinib | VA | HSC | [88] |
| VA-liposomes | Valsartan | VA | HSC | [89] | |
| pPB-modified liposomes | Recombinant human TRAIL | pPB | HSC | [90] | |
| AMD3100-liposomes | Antiangiogenic siRNA | VEGF siRNAs | HSC | [91] | |
| M6P-bovine serum albumin (BSA)-conjugated-liposomes | Hesperidin | M6P | HSC | [92] | |
| VA-coupled liposomes | BMP4-siRNA | VA | HSC | [93] | |
| Cationic liposomes | Artificial microRNA | microRNA | CTGF | [94] | |
| Chol-PEG-VA-amphiphilic cationic hyperbranched lipoid (C15-PA) | SiCol I α1 and siTIMP-1 | VA | HSC | [95] | |
| pPB-modified stable nucleic acid lipid | siRNAs against heat shock protein 47 | pPB | HSC | [96] | |
| Galactosamine-phospholipid NPs | siRNA targets CTGF | galactosamine | hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells | [97] | |
| SP94-LCPP (lipid/calcium/phosphate/protamine) nanoparticle | TRAIL plasmid DNA | hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC)-targeting peptide (SP94) | hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells | [98] | |
| Phosphatidylserine-modified nanostructured lipid NPs | Curcumin | phosphatidylserine | macrophage | [99] | |
| Polymer-based NPs | VA-collagenase I-poly-(lactic-co-glycolic)-b-poly (ethylene glycol)-maleimide (PLGA-PEG-Mal) (named CRM) micelle | Nilotinib | VA | HSC | [100] |
| Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-polyspermine-poly (ethylene glycol)-vitamin A (PLGA-PSPE-PEG-VA) self-assembled into core-shell polymeric micelles (PVMs) | Silibinin genetic (siCol1 alpha 1) drugs | VA | HSC | [101] | |
| Retinoic acid-chondroitin sulfate micells | Doxorubicin | VA | HSC | [102] | |
| POEGMA-b-PVDM -VA micelle | NO | VA | HSC | [19] | |
| Retinol-conjugated polyetherimine (RcP) nanoparticle | Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) | RcP | HSC | [103] | |
| PLGA NPs | R406 | R406 | Macrophages | [104] | |
| retinol-chitosan NPs | JQ1 and atorvastatin | VA | HSC | [105] | |
| Inorganic NPs | pPB-MSNP | Erlotinib | pPB | PDGFRB | [106] |
Abbreviations: VA, vitamin A; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; HSC, hepatic stellate cell; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NO, nitric oxide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.