Table 3.
Biochemical markers for all participants and by diet quality group.
| All | Optimal | Sub-Optimal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | n | Mean | SD | p 1 | |
| Saturated fats (%) | 118 | 43.15 | 0.65 | 65 | 43.03 | 0.67 | 53 | 43.31 | 0.59 | 0.012 * |
| Trans-saturated fats (%) | 118 | 0.42 | 0.14 | 65 | 0.42 | 0.15 | 53 | 0.43 | 0.12 | 0.670 |
| Omega 3 (%) | 118 | 8.72 | 1.31 | 65 | 8.58 | 1.31 | 53 | 8.89 | 1.31 | 0.089 |
| Omega 3 Index 2 | 118 | 5.63 | 1.26 | 65 | 5.54 | 1.26 | 53 | 5.73 | 1.26 | 0.191 |
| EPA (%) | 118 | 0.99 | 0.34 | 65 | 0.98 | 0.36 | 53 | 1.00 | 0.32 | 0.480 |
| DHA (%) | 118 | 4.64 | 1.07 | 65 | 4.57 | 1.05 | 53 | 4.73 | 1.10 | 0.198 |
| Omega 6 (%) | 118 | 30.39 | 1.58 | 65 | 30.57 | 1.61 | 53 | 30.17 | 1.54 | 0.086 |
| n-6: n-3 ratio | 118 | 3.59 | 0.70 | 65 | 3.67 | 0.77 | 53 | 3.48 | 0.60 | 0.052 |
| Vitamin B12 (pmol/L) | 139 | 321.09 | 114.00 | 74 | 307.91 | 109.00 | 65 | 336.09 | 119.00 | 0.153 |
| Vitamin B6 (nmol/L) | 136 | 102.32 | 62.00 | 70 | 111.29 | 72.00 | 66 | 92.80 | 49.00 | 0.030 * |
| Homocysteine (µmol/L) | 139 | 10.28 | 2.84 | 74 | 10.02 | 2.66 | 65 | 10.57 | 3.02 | 0.056 |
| RBC folate (nmol/L) | 62 | 1242.50 | 260.11 | 43 | 1287.51 | 244.24 | 19 | 1140.63 | 274.56 | 0.026 * |
1 ANCOVA models controlled for age and BMI. 2 Omega 3 Index is total value of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. % values for fatty acids indicate percentage of total fatty acids. SD; standard deviation. * p < 0.05.