Table 4.
Cognitive and mood outcomes for all participants and by diet quality group.
| All | Optimal | Sub-Optimal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | SE | n | Mean | SE | n | Mean | SE | p 1 | |
| Stroop Processing | 139 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 72 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 67 | −0.10 | 0.09 | 0.013 * |
| Reaction and Decision Speed | 140 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 74 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 66 | −0.02 | 0.10 | 0.337 |
| Visual Processing | 140 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 73 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 67 | −0.02 | 0.10 | 0.586 |
| Spatial Working Memory | 141 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 74 | −0.11 | 0.12 | 67 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.342 |
| Perceived Stress 2 | 141 | 11.00 | (7.00–15.00) | 74 | 10.00 | (6.00–15.00) | 67 | 12.00 | (8.00–16.00) | 0.527 |
| Total Mood Disturbance 2 | 141 | −1.00 | (−9.00–14.00) | 74 | −3.00 | (−11.00–9.00) | 67 | 2.00 | (−4.00–20.00) | 0.177 |
1 ANCOVA models controlled for age, gender, years of education and BMI. 2 median and interquartile range presented. SE; standard error. * p < 0.05. Z scores are presented for each of the cognitive domains with higher scores indicative of better performance. “Stroop Processing” is the difference between Incongruent and Congruent Stroop performance; “Reaction & Decision Speed” is derived from the average performance for Simple Reaction Time and Choice Reaction Time tasks; “Visual Processing” is derived from the average performance for Immediate Recognition, Delayed Recognition and Contextual Memory tasks, and “Spatial Working Memory” is derived from the average performance for Spatial Working Memory task. For mood outcomes (Perceived Stress, Total Mood Disturbance), lower scores indicate better mood.