Table 3.

Results of the linear regression analyses model predicting pain interference from pain intensity, pain self-efficacy, pain acceptance, and optimism.

				95% CI
Model (R2)		β	p	LCI	UCI	Tolerance	VIF
1 (0.50)	(Constant)		<0.001	8.99	23.47
	Pain intensity	0.71	<0.001	1.06	1.48
2 (0.59)	(Constant)		<0.001	10.17	23.56
	Pain intensity	0.56	<0.001	0.78	1.21	0.75	1.32
	Pain self-efficacy	−0.14	0.026	−0.23	−0.01	0.64	1.56
	Pain acceptance	−0.28	<0.001	−0.26	−0.08	0.59	1.67
	Optimism	0.14	0.015	0.07	0.76	0.82	1.22
3 (0.60)	Pain intensity * Pain Self-Efficacy	−0.04	0.538	−0.02	0.01	0.64	1.15
	Pain intensity * Pain Acceptance	−0.06	0.407	−0.02	0.01	0.56	1.78
	Pain intensity * Optimism	0.01	0.825	−0.04	0.06	0.74	1.35

Durbin–Watson = 2.02; CI = confidence interval; VIF = variance inflation factor; LCI = lower confidence interval; UCI = upper confidence interval. The three models were adjusted by age and gender. * Interaction between pain intensity and each psychological factor (moderator effects of each psychological factor in the association between pain intensity and pain interference).