Table 1.
List of animal cells used for the characterization of Usutu virus (USUV).
| Species | Cells | USUV Strain (GenBank) | Infection | Cytopathic Effects | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus | Trachea fibroblasts DNl.Tr, ATCC: CRL-6009 | AY453412 | + | - | [77] | ||
| Bat Tadarida brasiliensis | Lung epithelial cells Tb 1 Lu *, ATCC: CCL-88 | AY453412 | + | - | [77] | ||
| Birds | Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus |
Chicken embryo fibroblasts | Primary cell culture | AY453411 | - | - | [73] |
| DF-1, ATCC: CRL-12203 | AY453412 | + | - | [77] | |||
| Chorioallantoic membrane primary cells | AY453411, MK230892 MK230891, KX555624 | + | + | [71] | |||
| Goose Anser anser domesticus |
Primary culture of embryo fibroblasts GEF | AY453411 | + | + | [73] | ||
| Cat Felis catus | Kidney epithelial cell line CRFK | ATCC: CCL-94 | AY453412 | + | + | [77] | |
| - | AY453411 | + | + | [73] | |||
| Cow Bos taurus | Turbinate cells BT, ATCC: CRL-1390 | AY453412 | + | - | [77] | ||
| Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line MDBK, ATCC: CCL-22 | AY453411 | + | - | [73] | |||
| Deer Odocoileus hemionus | Kidney fibroblasts OHH1.K, ATCC: CRL-6193 | AY453412 | + | + | [77] | ||
| Dog Canis familiaris | Madin-Darby kidney epithelial cells MDCK | ATCC: CCL-34 | AY453412 | + | - | [77] | |
| - | AY453411 | + | - | [73] | |||
| Kidney epithelial cell line DK*, ATCC: CRL-6247 | AY453411 | + | - | [73] | |||
| Fox Urocyon cineroargenteus | Lung fibroblasts FoLu, ATCC: CCL-168 | AY453412 | + | + | [77] | ||
| Hamster Mesocricetus auratus | Baby hamster kidney fibroblasts BHK-21 (ATCC: CCL-10) and BF cell lines | AY453411 | + | - | [73] | ||
| Horse Equus caballus | Dermal fibroblasts cell line | ED | AY453411 | + | - | [73] | |
| E.Derm ATCC: CCL-57 | AY453412 | + | + | [77] | |||
| Primary horse kidney cells EqK | AY453411 | + | - | [73] | |||
| Mink Neovison vison | Lung epithelial cells Mv 1 Lu, ATCC: CCL-64 | AY453412 | + | + | [77] | ||
| Monkey | Cercopithecus aethiops | Kidney epithelial cell line Vero ** | - | AY453412, AY453411 | + | + | [75] |
| - | LT854220 | + | + | [11] | |||
| - | AY453411 | + | + | [78] | |||
| Persistently infected | AY453411 | + | - | [76] | |||
| Vero E6, ATCC: CRL-1586 | KJ438730 | + | + | [79] | |||
| - | AY453412 | + | + | [80] | |||
| B4 | 0679/2006 | + | + | [81] | |||
| Macaca mulatta | Kidney epithelial cells LLC-MK2, ATCC: CCL-7 | AY453412 | + | + | [77] | ||
| Mouse Mus musculus | Primary cultures of astrocytes, microglial cells, and neurons | AY453411 | + | + | [82] | ||
| Mosquito Aedes albopictus | Larvae C6/36 cell line ATCC: CRL-1660 |
JF330418 (Germany, Cx. p.) AY453412, KC754955 MH727238, MH727239 MH727241, MH727240 MH727242 |
+ | + | [33,46] | ||
| Opossum Didelphis virginiana | Kidney epithelial cells OK, ATCC: CRL-1840 | AY453412 | + | + | [77] | ||
| Pig Sus scrofa | Primary monocyte-derived dendritic cells MoDC * | AY453412 | + | + | [83] | ||
| Epithelial kidney cell line PK-15, ATCC: CCL-33 |
AY453412 AY453411 |
+ | + | [72,73,77] | |||
| Rabbit | Oryctolagus cuniculus | Kidney epithelial cell line RK-13, ATCC: CCL-37 | AY453411 | + | - | [73] | |
| Sylvilagus floridanus | Skin epidermis cells Sf 1 Ep, ATCC: CCL-68 | AY453412 | + | + | [77] | ||
| Raccoon Procyon lotor | Uterus fibroblasts Pl 1 Ut, ATCC: CCL-74 | AY453412 | + | - | [77] | ||
| Rat Rattus norvegicus | Brain glial tumor cell line C6, ATCC: CCL-107 | AY453411 | + | - | [73] | ||
| Turtle Terrapene carolina | Epithelial heart cell line TH-1, ATCC: CCL-50 | AY453411 | + | - | [73] | ||
| Vole | Myodes glareolus | Epithelial kidney cell line BVK168, CCLV-RIE 1313 | 0679/2006 | + | + | [81] | |
| HE599647 | + | + | [84] | ||||
| Lung cell line MGLU-2-R, CCLV-RIE 1304 | HE599647 | - | - | ||||
| Microtus arvalis | Kidney cell line FMN-R, CCLV-RIE. 1102 | + | - | ||||
| Brain cell line FMG-R, CCLV-RIE 1129 | - | - | |||||
| Woodchuck Marmota monax | Liver epithelial cell line WCH-17 *, ATCC: CRL-2082 | AY453412 | + | - | [77] | ||
* Very low replication of USUV. ** Most commonly used in virus replication for direct diagnosis (viral isolation) and amplification or serological assays (seroneutralization). Abbreviation: Cx. p: Culex pipiens.