Table 2.
Methods applied to assess VOCs from wood and wood-based panels.
| Material | Aim | Analytical Method | Sample Extraction and Introduction Technique | Capillary Column (Length × Internal Diameter; Film Thickness) |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Larix sibirica vs. Larix decidua | variability in VOCs composition, VOCs intensity | GC-FID, GC-MS | SMPE: DVB-CAR-PDMS—50:30 μm | SLB-5 (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm) | [43] |
| Picea abies | variability in VOCs composition, methods comparison | GC-MS | SPME: DVB-CAR-PDMS—50:30 μm; CAR-PDMS—75 μm; CW-DVB—70 μm; PDMS-DVB—65 μm/dynamic HS/hydrodistillation | HP-5 (30 m × 0.32 mm; 0.25 μm) | [63] |
| Larix gmelinii | variability in VOCs composition, methods comparison | GC-MS | SPME: PDMS—100 μm/static headspace | TR-V1 (30 m × 0.25 mm; 1.4 μm) | [76] |
| Serpula lacrymans , Coniophora puteana and Pinus sylvestris | variability in VOCs composition, methods comparison | GC-MS | SPME: PDMS—100 μm; polyacrylate—85 μm, Tenax GR tubes |
HP-1, HP-5, HP-Innowax (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 µm) | [31] |
| unspecified wood biomass | furfural extraction and identification | GC-MS | autohydrolysis; SPME: DVB-CAR-PDMS; * | HP-5 MS (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm) | [128] |
| wooden parquets | variability in VOCs composition | GC-MS | SPME: DVB-CAR-PDMS—50:30 μm | HP-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm) | [16] |
| Abies alba vs. Fagus sylvatica | methods comparison due to VOCs | GC-MS | glass TD tube with glass wool and TD | DB-5 (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm) | [129] |
| Larix gmelinii | TVOC and VOCs quantification (µg m−3) | GC-MS | glass desiccator (0.015 m3) and Tenax TA© tubes | TR-V1 (30 m × 0.25 mm; 1.4 μm) | [79] |
|
Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris
vs. Populus tremula |
TVOC comparison | TCT-GC-MS | metal chamber (0.12 m3) and Tenax GR | HP-5MS (50 m × *; 0.5 μm) | [71] |
| Pinus sylvestris | variability in VOCs, quantification | GC-MS | FLEC (0.00035 m3) and Tenax TA© tubes | * | [70] |
| Pinus sylvestris | TVOC, relative proportion (% of total emission) of different compound groups and individual compounds |
GC-MS | glass container (0.015 m3) and Tenax TA© tubes | HP-5 (50 m × 0.2 mm; 0.5 μm) | [74] |
| MDF | TVOC emission rate (mg m−2 h−1) | GC-MS | chamber (0.020 m3) and Tenax TA© tubes | RTX-1 (105 m × 0.32 mm; 3 µm) | [112] |
|
PB and MDF
from various tree kinds |
VOCs quantification | GC-MS | stainless-steel chamber (0.053 m3) and cryotrap | EC-5 (30 m × 0.25 mm; 25 μm) | [78] |
| organic vs. unorganic insulation | TVOC | GC-MS | stainless-steel chamber (0.58 m3) and Tenax TA© tubes | fused silica column (25 m × 0.32 mm; *) | [33] |
| OSB from Pinus sylvestris | aldehydes and terpenes—chambers comparison | GC-MS | glass desiccator (0.023 m3) and stainless-steel chamber (1 m3) and Tenax TA© tubes, TDS 3 |
* | [73] |
| OSB | individual VOCs quantification | GC-MS | glass desiccator and Tenax TA© tubes | * | [101] |
| Coatings in a furniture workshop | variability in VOCs composition, quantification | GC-MS | Tenax TA© tubes | DA-WAX (30 m × 0.25 m; 0.25 μm) | [93] |
| Pinus silvestris vs. Picea abies | abundance of monoterpenes | GC-MS | Tenax TA© tubes—acetone and Soxtec© | DB-Wax (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm) | [60] |
| 12 various tropical wood species | total amount of extractives (% to dry wood) | GC-MS | sodium hydroxide and Soxhlet | HP-1 (25 m × 0.2 mm; 0.11 μm) | [62] |
|
Populus cathayana
vs. Hevea brasiliensis |
individual VOCs% | GC-MS/O | ethanol and toluene and Soxhlet | DB-Wax (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm) | [39] |
| Larix gmelinii PB | individual VOCs% | GC-MS | methylene chlorid and Soxhlet | * | [77] |
| Picea abies vs. Abies alba | individual VOCs quantification, methods comparison | GC-FID, GC-MS | ASE vs. steam distillation vs. Soxhlet | DB-5 (30 m × *; *) | [130] |
| Abies alba Mill. | VOCs reduction as protection from wood decay | GC-MS | extraction by hexane in Promax 2020 shaker | HP-5 MS (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm) | [61] |
|
Quercus alba, Quercus robur
vs. Quercus pedunculata |
specific VOCs quantification (cis- and trans-ß-methyl-γ-octalactone, eugenol, vanillin and syringaldehyde) | (DTD)-GC-MS | extraction by dichlormethane | SPB-1 (50 m × 0.2 mm; 0.25 μm) | [131] |
| Construction materials | VOCs emission from construction material | GC-(FID)-MS | DOSEC-SPME | * | [98] |
* value unspecified; Abbreviations.: TVOC—total volatile organic compounds; TD—thermal desorption; DTD—direct thermal desorption; TCT–thermal-desorption cryo-trapping; FID—flame ionization detection, GC-MS/O—GC-MS/Olfactometry, FLEC—field and laboratory emission cell, DOSEC—device for on-site emission control.