Table 4.
The effects of the Fe(III) and Cr(III) levels in the diet on the concentrations of selected hormones and enzymes in rats.
| Factors | Factor A Level (mg/kg) | Factor B Level (mg/kg) | N | Parameters | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Ghrelin (ng/mL) | p | Leptin (ng/mL) | p | AST (U/L) | p | ALT (U/L) | p | ALP (U/L) | p | ||||
| Main Effects (Mean ± SD) |
||||||||||||||
| Fe-deficiency | 5 | D | 18 | 0.361 ± 0.098 | NS | 4.406 ± 0.816 | NS | 133.063 ± 45.543 | NS | 21.125 ± 8.724 | NS | 97.294 ± 13.284 b | ||
| Fe-control | 45 | C | 18 | 0.459 ± 0.179 | 4.910 ± 1.077 | 173.882 ± 64.405 | 22.000 ± 6.055 | 75.611 ± 11.003 a | p < 0.001 | |||||
| Fe-oversupply | 180 | H | 18 | 0.400 ± 0.135 | 4.327 ± 1.010 | 138.333 ± 68.526 | 19.067 ± 9.838 | 70.667 ± 12.054 a | ||||||
| Cr-control dose | 1 | 1 | 18 | 0.468 ± 0.146 b | p < 0.05 | 4.649 ± 1.204 | NS | 163.278 ± 63.889 | NS | 24.056 ± 10.619 | NS | 85.667 ± 19.629 b | ||
| Cr-medium dose | 50 | 50 | 18 | 0.374 ± 0.155 a | 4.839 ± 0.923 | 133.000 ± 47.129 | 19.924 ± 5.543 | 74.667 ± 13.750 a | p < 0.05 | |||||
| Cr-high dose | 500 | 500 | 18 | 0.378 ± 0.116 a | 4.168 ± 0.741 | 150.769 ± 74.458 | 17.917 ± 5.869 | 82.412 ± 14.573 a,b | ||||||
| Factor Combinations |
Interaction Effects
(Mean ± SD) |
|||||||||||||
| Fe-deficiency | 5 | 1 | D1 | 6 | 0.443 ± 0.066 a,b,c | p < 0.01 | 4.185 ± 0.628 | NS | 161.833 ± 57.957 | NS | 26.667 ± 12.061 | NS | 107.000 ± 14.233 | |
| 5 | 50 | D50 | 6 | 0.311±0.091 a,b | 4.984 ± 0.913 | 119.833 ± 29.607 | 18.333 ± 3.445 | 87.500 ± 10.426 | ||||||
| 5 | 500 | D500 | 6 | 0.328±0.086 a,b,c | 4.011 ± 0.590 | 109.750 ± 24.116 | 17.000 ± 4.320 | 96.400 ± 2.302 | ||||||
| Fe-control | 45 | 1 | C1 | 6 | 0.556±0.190 c | 5.414 ± 1.460 | 156.333 ± 58.157 | 20.833 ± 7.600 | 75.333 ± 13.227 | |||||
| 45 | 50 | C50 | 6 | 0.502 ± 0.180 a,b,c | 4.575 ± 0.841 | 164.000 ± 47.397 | 24.000 ± 4.183 | 72.500 ± 11.149 | NS | |||||
| 45 | 500 | C500 | 6 | 0.320 ± 0.058 a,b | 4.741 ± 0.793 | 199.667 ± 82.638 | 21.400 ± 6.348 | 79.000 ± 9.252 | ||||||
| Fe-oversupply | 180 | 1 | H1 | 6 | 0.405 ± 0.130 a,b,c | 4.270 ± 1.049 | 171.667 ± 83.617 | 24.667 ± 12.612 | 73.838 ± 6.735 | |||||
| 180 | 50 | H50 | 6 | 0.310 ± 0.109 a,b | 4.958 ± 1.110 | 120.333 ± 55.428 | 16.333 ± 6.218 | 64.000 ± 8.837 | ||||||
| 180 | 500 | H500 | 6 | 0.485 ± 0.120 a,b,c | 3.753 ± 0.511 | 107.667 ± 44.658 | 13.333 ± 4.163 | 74.167 ± 17.279 | ||||||
Note: The values which do not have the same superscript letter are significantly different (p < 0.05); NS: no significant effect; SD: standard deviation.