Key Term/Abbreviation	Definition
(I, II, III, IV, V)	Complexes I-V of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D	1,25(OH)2D
2′-PP	2′-Phosphophloretin
2,3-BPG	2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
AD	Autosomal dominant
AKT	Protein kinase B
Alp	Alkaline phosphatase
AMP	Adenosine monophosphate
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AR	Autosomal recessive
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BBMV	Brush border membrane vesicle
BPG	Bisphosphoglycerate
CASR	Calcium-sensing receptor
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
c-myb	V-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog
CrP	Creatine phosphate
CYP24A1	The vitamin D 24-hydroxylase
CYP27B1	The vitamin D 1-α hydroxylase
DMP1	Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
EGF	Epidermal growth factor
EGR1	Early growth response 1
Enpp1	Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase family member 1
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
ERK1	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1
ERK2	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2
Etv5	ETS variant 5
FADH	Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FAM20c	Golgi-associated secretory pathway kinase
FAP	Fluorapatite mineral
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
FGF23	Fibroblast growth factor 23
FGFR1	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
FGFR1c	FGFR1 isoform c
FRS2	FGFR substrate 2
GALNT3	Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3
GC	Glucocorticoid
GCMB	Glial cell missing gene
GI	Gastrointestinal
GNAS	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha stimulating
GRB2	Growth factor receptor bound protein 2
HVDDR	Hereditary 1,25(OH)2D-resistant rickets
IBGC	Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification
IC	Intracellular
ICF	Intracellular fluid
IU	International units
IP6K1	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1
IP6K2	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2
IP6	Inositol hexakisphosphate
IP7	5-diphosphoinositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate
IP8	1,5-bisdiphosphoinositol 1,2,3,4-tetrakisphosphate
IV	Intravenous
JAM2	Junctional adhesion molecule 2
KL	α-Klotho
Km	Michaelis-Menten affinity constant
LOF	Loss of function
LVH	Left ventricular hypertrophy
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAPK1	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
MAPK3	Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
MEPE	Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein
mPTP	Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
MV	Matrix vesicle
MYORG	Myogenesis regulating glycosidase
Na+	Sodium ion
NAD	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADH	Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADPH	Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NHE3	Sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3
NHERF-1	Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
NPT1	Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 1
NPT2a	Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2a
NPT2b	Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b
NPT2c	Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2c
NVU	Neurovascular unit
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
OPN	Osteopontin
P10	Postnatal day 10
PDGFB	Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B
PDGFRB	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta
PFA	Phosphonoformate/phosphonoformic acid
PFBC	Primary familial brain calcification
Phex	Phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked
PHOSPHO1	Phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase 1
Pi	Inorganic phosphate
PIC	Mitochondrial phosphate carrier
PIT1	Type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1
PIT2	Type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2
PKA	Protein kinase A
PKC	Protein kinase C
PLCγ	Phospholipase C gamma isoform.
PPi	Pyrophosphate
PPIs	Proton pump inhibitors
PTH	Parathyroid hormone
PTHR1	Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor
RANK	Receptor activator of NF-κB
RANKL	Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
RDA	Recommended daily allowance
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RXR	Retinoic acid X-receptor
SAMD9	Sterile alpha motif domain containing 9
SIBLING	Small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein
SLC17	Solute carrier family 17
SLC20A1	Solute carrier family 20 member 1; gene encoding PIT1
SLC20A2	Solute carrier family 20 member 2; gene encoding PIT2
SLC25A3	Solute carrier family 25 member 3; gene encoding PIC
SLC34A1	Solute carrier family 34 member 3; gene encoding NPT2a
SLC34A2	Solute carrier family 34 member 2; gene encoding NPT2b
SLC34A3	Solute carrier family 34 member 3; gene encoding NPT2c
SM	Standard medium
SOS	Son of sevenless
SPX	A protein domain named after SYG1/Pho81/XPR1 proteins
TEER	Transepithelial electrical resistance
TNAP	Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase
TNFRSF11B	TNF receptor superfamily member 11B
VATP	ATP flux
VDR	Vitamin D receptor
VRE	Vitamin D-reponsive elements
VSMC	Vascular smooth muscle cell
WNT	Wingless-related integration site
WT	Wild-type
XLH	X-linked hyperphosphatemia
XPR1	Xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1