Table 2.
Effect of the production systems and ageing time (T0, T7, T14, and T21: 0, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively) on texture profile analysis 20% (TPA20) of Longissimus thoracis from calves of the Retinta breed.
| Production System (PS) | Ageing Time (A) | Effects | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OG | OC | CC | T0 | T7 | T14 | T21 | SEM | PS | A | PS*A | |
| Hardness (kg/cm2) | 0.51 a | 0.33 b | 0.25 c | 0.39 a | 0.41 a | 0.35 b | 0.36 b | 0.010 | *** | *** | *** |
| Springiness (cm) | 1.00 b | 1.01 b | 1.04 a | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.003 | *** | ns | ** |
| Resilience (non-dimensional) | 0.37 a | 0.15 b | 0.35 b | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.003 | *** | ns | * |
| Chewiness (kg·m·s−2) | 0.34 a | 0.32 a | 0.28 b | 0.30 b | 0.31 a | 0.27 a,b | 0.24 a,b | 0.005 | *** | * | ns |
| Cohesiveness (non-dimensional) | 0.65 a | 0.62 b | 0.62 b | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.003 | *** | ns | ns |
ns: p > 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001; A: ageing time; PS: production systems; PS*A: interaction between A and PS; SEM.: standard error of the mean. Values with the same letters (a, b, c, d) indicate homogeneous subsets for p = 0.05 according to Tukey’s HSD test. OG: organic grazing; OC: organic concentrate; CC: conventional concentrate.