Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population at baseline and follow-up a, b.
| Characteristics (Mean (SD)/% (n)) | Baseline (n = 116) | One-Year (n = 99) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Age (y) | 33 (12) | 35 (13) | <0.001 |
| Less than or Equivalent to College Education (%) | 66.4% (77) | 59.6% (59) | 0.709 |
| Health Insurance (%) | 57.8% (67) | 66.7% (66) | 0.230 |
| Racial/Ethnic Minority (%) | 77.6% (90) | 75.8% (75) | 0.877 |
| Hispanic Ethnicity (%) | 44.8% (52) | 47.5% (47) | 0.802 |
| Eating Pattern Characteristics | |||
| Average Time of First Meal | 8:32 (1:34) | 9:16 (1:46) | 0.001 |
| Average Time of Last Meal | 20:08 (1:45) | 19:58 (1:20) | 0.046 |
| Average Nightly Fasting Duration (h) | 12.4 (2.0) | 13.3(2.3) | <0.001 |
| Average Number of Eating Occasions | 3.9 (1.1) | 3.7 (1.0) | 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | |||
| AHA LS7 | 10.7 (2.0) | 10.2 (2.6) | 0.049 |
| Smokers (%) | 6.9% (8) | 5.0% (5) | 0.780 |
| Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity (h/day) | 4.1 (5.3) | 5.7 (7.5) | 0.113 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25. 7 (5.4) | 25.9 (5.3) | 0.197 |
| Overweight and Obesity (%) | 48.3% (56) | 51.5% (51) | 0.736 |
| WC (inches) | 35.4 (4.9) | 36.2 (4.7) | 0.004 |
| At-Risk WC (>35 inches) | 44.8% (52) | 43.4% (43) | 0.946 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 116.0 (12.1) | 115.2 (11.9) | 0.459 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.7 (10.6) | 72.2 (9.7) | 0.542 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 84.7 (21.2) | 92.6 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.5 (1.0) | 0.919 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 169.7 (32.5) | 172.5 (29.8) | 0.762 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 96.6 (28.6) | 95.8 (25.4) | 0.270 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 57.5 (11.8) | 60.2 (12.9) | 0.020 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 78.1 (36.2) | 82.1 (42.6) | 0.309 |
a AHA: American Heart Association; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c (a glycated form of hemoglobin); LS7: Life’s Simple 7; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; WC: waist circumference. b T-tests and Chi-square tests were used to examine differences in participant characteristics at baseline vs. 1-y follow up.