Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, symptoms, history of hospital admission, and COVID-19 involvement for all participants
| Variables | Rheumatic patients | Residents of Qom | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | ||
| Participants | 249 | 100 | 207 | 100 | – |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 194 | 77.9 | 157 | 75.8 | 0.655 |
| Male | 55 | 22.1 | 50 | 24.2 | |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Hypertension | 67 | 26.9 | 36 | 17.4 | 0.018 |
| Diabetes | 43 | 17.3 | 36 | 17.4 | 1.000 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 37 | 14.9 | 24 | 11.6 | 0.336 |
| Hypothyroidism | 43 | 17.3 | 13 | 6.3 | < 0.001 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 6 | 2.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.034 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 29 | 11.6 | 20 | 9.7 | 0.545 |
| Symptoms | |||||
| Dry cough | 21 | 8.4 | 23 | 11.1 | 0.344 |
| Productive cough | 5 | 2.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 0.464 |
| Hemoptysis | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1.000 |
| Shortness of breath | 19 | 7.6 | 11 | 5.3 | 0.349 |
| Fever | 21 | 8.4 | 13 | 6.3 | 0.475 |
| Chills | 25 | 10.0 | 11 | 5.3 | 0.080 |
| Headache | 22 | 8.8 | 15 | 7.2 | 0.607 |
| Myalgia | 23 | 9.2 | 19 | 9.2 | 1.000 |
| Malaise | 7 | 2.8 | 23 | 11.1 | 0.001 |
| Diarrhea | 2 | 0.8 | 5 | 2.4 | 0.253 |
| Nausea | 13 | 5.2 | 11 | 5.3 | 1.000 |
| Vomiting | 11 | 4.4 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.008 |
| Constipation | 1 | 0.4 | 7 | 3.4 | 0.026 |
| Abdominal pain | 11 | 4.4 | 9 | 4.3 | 1.000 |
| Anosmia | 16 | 6.4 | 19 | 9.2 | 0.293 |
| Sore throat | 4 | 1.6 | 5 | 2.4 | 0.738 |
| Sneezing | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 1.9 | 0.042 |
| COVID-19 | |||||
| COVID-19 confirmed cases | 9 | 3.6 | 18 | 8.7 | 0.028 |
| HRCT involvement | 7 | 2.8 | 18 | 8.7 | 0.007 |
| Treatment for COVID-19 | 4 | 1.6 | 17 | 8.2 | 0.001 |
| Death due to COVID-19 | 2 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.503 |
COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, HRCT high-resolution computed tomography, RT-PCR reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction