Table 1.

Participant characteristics.

Participant No.	Gender	Age (years)	Education (years)	K-MMSEa score	Self-reported swallowing ratingb
1	Female	80	6	30	3
2	Female	71	16	29	3
3	Female	67	12	30	2
4	Female	83	9	24	4
5	Female	77	12	27	3
6	Female	71	9	29	2
7	Female	82	6	29	3
8	Female	73	12	28	3
9	Female	76	5	27	2
10	Male	75	16	28	2
11	Female	78	6	29	2
Total, mean (SD)	N/Ac	75.73 (4.96)	9.45 (4.80)	28.18 (1.72)	2.64 (0.67)

^aK-MMSE: Korean Mini-Mental State Examination. A perfect score is 30.

^bResponse to the survey item “I have a swallowing problem” (with a scale of 0=never, 1=seldom, 2=sometimes, 3=often, and 4=always).

^cN/A: not applicable.