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TSP1 and PTX3 cooperate to promote early formation of functional excitatory synapses. TSP1 binds to the α2δ1 receptor on the presynaptic terminals stimulating an increase in structurally normal but silent synapses, and to the α2δ1 receptor at the postsynaptic site, activating Rac1 and stimulating actin remodeling to promote spinogenesis. PTX3 promotes the functional maturation of these synapses by recruiting AMPA receptors at the synapse.
