Table 4.
Characteristics of the three groups based on serum IGF-1 levels.
| Variable | L-IGF-1 | I-IGF-1 | H-IGF-1 | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n (%) | 49 (25.5) | 93 (48.4) | 50 (26.0) | |
| Age (years) | 70.0 (57.5–77.5) | 72.0 (63.0–76.0) | 65.0 (56.5–73.0) | 0.089 |
| Male, n (%) | 31 (63.3) | 62 (66.7) | 36 (72.0) | 0.644 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 (20.3–25.7) | 23.6 (20.8–25.9) | 24.8 (22.5–26.8) | 0.036 |
| Etiology | ||||
| HBV/HCV/Alcohol/other, n | 3/21/18/7 | 6/33/27/27 | 9/12/18/11 | 0.066 |
| Child–Pugh A/B + C, n | 24/25 | 66/27 | 39/11 | 0.005 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.177 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) | 3.9 (3.4–4.3) | 4.1 (3.7–4.4) | 0.002 |
| Prothrombin time (%) | 66 (57–89) | 81 (69–94) | 88 (76–100) | <0.001 |
| BCAA (µmol/L) | 346 (311–425) | 402 (333–479) | 433 (390–493) | 0.001 |
| BCAA supplementation, n (%) | 9 (18.4) | 21 (22.6) | 6 (12.0) | 0.302 |
| Zinc (µg/dL) | 58 (49–70) | 65 (56–73) | 70 (56–78) | 0.026 |
| SMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| ALL patients | 6.41 (5.62–7.42) | 6.95 (5.86–7.98) | 7.18 (6.66–8.19) | 0.002 |
| Male | 7.02 (6.35–7.86) | 7.38 (6.91–8.36) | 7.61 (7.00–8.57) | 0.049 |
| Female | 5.39 (4.87–6.08) | 5.84 (5.22–6.11) | 6.60 (6.06–6.96) | 0.003 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | ||||
| ALL patients | 22.2 (16.8–32.3) | 25.4 (17.1–34.8) | 31.2 (23.4–39.4) | 0.002 |
| Male | 29.8 (21.5–35.5) | 30.9 (25.2–37.0) | 35.1 (29.4–42.3) | 0.019 |
| Female | 15.0 (14.1–21.0) | 16.5 (14.0–21.9) | 22.9 (16.6–25.8) | 0.022 |
| Sarcopenia, n (%) | 23 (46.9) | 27 (29.0) | 5 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.00 (0.69–1.12) | 1.04 (0.80–1.21) | 1.17 (1.04–1.40) | <0.001 |
| Slow gait speed, n (%) | 23 (46.9) | 41 (44.1) | 9 (18.0) | 0.003 |
Values are shown as median (interquartile range) or number (percentage). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test or the Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate. BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; BMI, body mass index; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index.