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. 2020 Oct 11;12(10):2922. doi: 10.3390/cancers12102922

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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An overview of the therapeutic application of miRNA-based agents used in the prevention of tumour progression. These agents target and regulate the miRNA of interest, resulting in either inhibition of an OncomiR or upregulation of a tumour suppressor gene. Five commonly utilised therapeutic miRNA agents are displayed above showing (A) anti-miRs, miRNA sponges and miRNA masks used to suppress oncomiRs by inhibiting miRNA binding to mRNA. miRNA mimics and molecule inhibitor drugs can be used to inhibit DNMT enzymatic activity and trigger its degradation, thereby reducing oncomiR expression and development of malignancy. Similarly, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can be used to block tumorigenesis. (B) miRNA mimics can also be utilised to mimic the activity of tumour suppressor miRNA in malignancies to reduce or suppress tumorigenesis.