ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ROS	reactive oxygen species
EMT	epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
IL	interleukin
I/R	ischemic/reperfusion
PD	Parkinson’s disease
TBI	traumatic brain injury
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
HIF-1	hypoxia-inducible factor-1
STAT3	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TLRs	toll-like receptors
NF-κB	nuclear factor-kappaB
PC	prostate cancer
UPR	unfolded protein response
PERK	PRKR-like ER kinase
elF2α	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α
GRP78	78 kDa glucose-regulated protein
OC	ovarian cancer
GC	gastric cancer
5mC	5-methylcytosine
5hmC	5-hydroxymethylcytosine
miR	microRNA
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-beta
HK	hexokinase
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
ECM	extracellular matrix
5-FU	5-Fluorouracil
CRC	colorectal cancer
LC-3II	light chain-3II
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
PPARα	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
CYP	cytochrome C
DTX	docetaxel
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
TIMPs	tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
lncRNAs	long non-coding RNAs
circRNAs	circular RNAs