Table 3.
Risk of bias assessment of included trials.
| Author. | Year | Random Sequence Generation (Selection Bias) | Allocation Concealment (Selection Bias) | Blinding of Participants and Personnel (Performance Bias) | Blinding of Outcome Assessment (Detection Bias) | Incomplete Outcome Data (Attrition Bias) | Selective Reporting (Reporting Bias) | Overall Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ElSheshtawy et al. 2020 [29] | 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Mittal et al. 2019 [30] | 2019 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Ragab et al. 2019 [31] | 2019 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Moderate |
| Rizk et al. 2019 [33] | 2019 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| ] Ulusoy et al. 2019 [32] | 2019 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Alagl et al. 2017 [35] | 2017 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Shivashankar et al. 2017 [34] | 2017 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Bezgin et al. 2015 [36] | 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Narang et al. 2015 [37] | 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Jadhav et al. 2012 [38] | 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Moderate |