Table 3.

RCTs examining the effect of curcumin ONS on PSA concentrations among men with PCa.

First Author	Origin	Masking	Duration	Patients	Interventions	Results
Choi [76]	KR	Double-blind	6 mo	n = 97 patients with PCa receiving IAD	1. Oral curcumin (1.44 g/d) (n = 49) 2. Placebo (n = 48)	The % of patients with PSA progression was lower in the curcumin arm. PSA did not differ.
Hejazi [75]	IR	NR	3 mo	n = 40 patients with PCa on EBRT (<74 Gy)	1. Oral curcumin (3 g/d) (n = 20) 2. Placebo (n = 20)	PSA concentrations were reduced below 0.2 ng/mL in both groups.

EBRT, external beam radiation therapy; IAD, intermittent androgen deprivation; NR, not reported; ONS, oral nutrient supplement; PCa, prostate cancer; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; RCT, randomized controlled trials.