Table 3.
Quantitative clinical outcomes that were not subjected to meta-analysis. Values are mean (standard deviation (SD)) or median (interquartile range (IQR)).
| Outcomes | Treatment Group | Control Group | References/Country | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD); Median (IQR) | n | Mean (SD); Median (IQR) | n | ||
| Postoperative blood loss; mL | 820 (670; 1010) ^,† | 28 | 720(530; 830) ^,† | 29 | Lee et al., 2017, Korea [59] |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation; h | 10 (9; 10) ^ | 20 | 10 (10; 15) ^ | 20 | Sokolic et al., 2019a, Croatia [60] |
| 10 (10; 13.5) ^ | 20 | 9 (7.5; 10) ^ | 20 | Sokolic et al., 2019b, Croatia [60] | |
| 6 (4.1; 11.2) ^ | 13 | 6.7 (4.6; 12.5) ^ | 12 | Tran et al., 2009, Canada [45] | |
| Hospital length of stay; days | 8.42 (7.79) | 14 | 8.07 (4.5) | 14 | Feguri et al., 2017, Brazil [54] |
| 7.8 (1.4) | 20 | 9.7(3.1) | 20 | Feguri et al., 2012, Brazil [56] | |
| 11 (10; 14) ^ | 28 | 11 (0;14) | 29 | Lee et al., 2017, Korea [59] | |
| 4 (4; 5) ^ | 12 | 5 (5; 6) | 13 | Tran et al., 2009, Canada [45] | |
| ICU stay (hours) | 48 (48; 72) ^ | 28 | 72 (48; 72) ^ | 29 | Lee et al., 2017, Korea [59] |
| 24 (24; 48) ^ | 20 | 24 (24; 24) ^ | 20 | Sokolic et al., 2019a, Croatia [60] | |
| 24 (24; 24) ^ | 20 | 24 (24; 24) ^ | 20 | Sokolic et al., 2019b, Croatia [60] | |
| 21.3 (20.4; 22.9) ^ | 13 | 23.1 (21.8; 25.6) ^ | 12 | Tran et al., 2009, Canada [45] | |
| Duration of the surgery; min | 220 (197.5; 242.5) ^ | 13 | 220 (195; 240) ^ | 13 | Tran et al., 2009, Canada [45] |
| Postoperative blood transfusion; mL | 200 (0; 295) ^,† | 28 | 200 (0; 420) ^,† | 29 | Lee et al., 2017, Korea [59] |
| CPB duration; min | 59 (50.5; 81.5) ^ | 13 | 61 (51.8; 72.5) ^ | 12 | Tran et al., 2009, Canada [45] |
| Intra-operative gastric drainage; mL | 26.8 (57.9) | 50 | 16.3 (37.9) | 51 | Jarvela et al., 2008, Finland [57] |
| Post-operative gastric drainage; mL | 88.8(75.4) | 50 | 49.9 (63.4) | 51 | Jarvela et al., 2008, Finland [57] |
| Exogenous insulin intra-operatively; IU | 5.9 (5.7) | 20 | 7.5 (5) | 20 | Feguri et al., 2012, Brazil [56] |
| 0 | 28 | 0 | 29 | Lee et al., 2017, Korea [59] | |
| HOMA-IR endpoint | 11.2 (8.2) | 20 | 11.6 (7.6) | 20 | Feguri et al., 2012, Brazil [56] |
| 3.2 (0.9; 6.3) ^ | 12 | 1.8 (1.1; 3.8) ^ | 13 | Tran et al., 2013, Canada [45] | |
| 7.56 (1.48) ‡ | 9 | 7.2 (2.44) | 9 | Rapp-Kesek et al., 2007, Sweden [58] | |
| CRP endpoint; mg.dL−1 | 3.75 (nd) | 14 | 5.15 (nd) | 14 | Feguri et al., 2019, Brazil [55] |
| −0.25 (-0.47; 0.21) ^,§ | 10 | −0.1 (0.34; 0.39) ^,§ | 13 | Tran et al., 2013, Canada [45] | |
| IL-6 endpoint; pg·mL−1 | 1.92 (1.68–2.03) ^,§ | 7 | 1.79 (1.73; 1.91) ^,§ | 6 | Tran et al., 2013, Canada [45] |
| Blood glucose post-operatively; mmol·L−1 | 8.15 (nd) ¶,(a),(b) | 14 | 8.91 (nd) | 14 | Feguri et al., 2019, Brazil [55] |
| 6.44 (0.99) **,(a) | 50 | 6.32 (nd) | 51 | Jarvela et al., 2008, Finland [57] | |
| 7.8 (7.0; 8.2) ^,†† | 28 | 7.3 (7.8; 6.3) ^ | 29 | Lee et al., 2017, Korea [59] | |
| 6.7 (5.4; 7.1) ‡‡ | 13 | 6.6 (5.9; 8.1) ^ | 13 | Tran et al., 2013, Canada [45] | |
| 7.9 (0.5)‡ | 9 | 8.2 (0.7) | 9 | Rapp-Kesek et al., 2007, Sweden [58] | |
^ median (interquartile range); † postoperative 24 h; ‡ measured in the first POD (postoperative day); § as logarithm; CRP (mg·L−1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (pg·mL−1); ¶ in the first hour in the postoperative period at the ICU; ** in the first six hours in postoperative period at the ICU; †† median of six measurements over 48 h in the postoperative period; ‡‡ immediate postoperative period; (a) data from the graph; (b) converted from mg·dL−1 to mmol·L−1; CPB—cardiopulmonary bypass; CRP—C-reactive protein; HOMA-IR- Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; nd—no data.