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. 2020 Sep 30;9(10):3182. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103182

Table 2.

Characteristics of the Polysomnography (PSG) for children with HP and controls.

Controls HP p-Value
n = 25 n = 33
missing missing
median [min–max] median [min–max]
Total sleep period (TSP), min 564 [395–671] 0 541 [479–633] 1 0.56
Total sleep time (TST), min 528 [348–655] 0 522 [349–623] 0 0.57
Sleep efficiency, % 95.7 [82.7–98] 0 96 [68–98.7] 1 0.57
Sleep latency, min 16 [6–61] 0 22 [6–103] 2 0.57
REM latency, min 148 [50–243] 0 143 [56–209] 0 0.51
N1, min 58 [27–168] 0 54 [23–93] 1 0.09
N1, % 12.1 [5.1–30.8] 0 10.1 [4.4–18.1] 1 0.05
N2, min 256 [140–299] 0 234 [137–333] 1 0.26
N2, % 45.5 [30.1–57.4] 0 43.8 [19.4–56.9] 1 0.36
N3, min 115 [73–149] 0 111 [65–151] 0 0.69
N3, % 22 [13.3–35.3] 0 21.3 [12.1–29] 0 0.81
REM sleep, min 100 [62–143] 0 124 [64–225] 0 0.009
REM sleep, % 17.7 [12.3–25.2] 0 23.1 [17–36.2] 0 <0.001
WASO 22 [9–88] 0 21.5 [7–118] 1 0.58
Fragmentation index/h 10.3 [2.1–17.7] 0 11.9 [6.3–18.4] 1 0.22
Arousal index/h 8.7 [4.8–14.8] 0 9.3 [4.6–15.7] 1 0.82
Number of cycles 5 [3–6] 0 5 [4–6] 1 0.56
Mean cycle duration, min 105 [81–126] 1 98 [77–131] 5 0.27

HP: high potential; N1: stage 1; N2: stage 2; N3: stage 3; REM: rapid eyes movements; WASO: wake after sleep onset; h: hour; min: minutes.