Table 2.

Examples of butterfly attracting plants and their known economic benefits.

Plants	Related Butterflies	Function	Economic Benefits
Zanthoxylum spp. (prickly ash or huajiao)	Papilio xuthus, P. bianor, P. maackii, P. helenus (feeding)	food plants	fruits as spice
Citrus maxima (pomelo)	Papilio memnon, P. protenor, P. polytes, P. demoleus (feeding)	food plants	fruits for market or family consumption
Vicia spp. (vetches)	Colias poliographus, C. fieldii, Lampides boeticus (feeding); Papilio spp., Byasa spp., Pieris spp., Pontia spp., Gonepteryx spp., Tirumala spp., Parantica spp., Vanessa spp., Heliophorus spp., Hesperiidae (flower visiting)	food plants, nectar sources	nitrogen fixation, whole plant as green manure improving soil quality
Brassica rapa (field mustard)	Pieris rapa, P. canidia (feeding) Papilio machaon, Colias spp., Pontia daplidice, Heliophorus spp., Ahlbergia spp. (flower visiting)	food plants, nectar sources	flowers for bee keeping and honey production, fruits for the oil industry
Tagetes erecta (marigold)	Papilio spp., Pieris spp., Pontia daplidice, Colias spp., Gonepteryx spp., Danaus spp., Tirumala spp., Parantica spp., Argynnis spp., Vanessa spp., Hesperiidae (flower visiting)	nectar source	flower as material for the carotene industry