Table 2.
Studies regarding NIR ICG detection of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in colorectal cancer.
| Study, Year | Disease, Stage | No. Cases | ICG Administration | Dose | Fluorescence Evaluation | Detection Rate | Sensitivity (Metastasis in SL/Total Lymph Node Metastasis) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrara, A.; et al. [40], 2020 | Colon cancer stage I-II, High risk colic polyposis |
95 | Laparoscopic/extraperitoneally | 5 mL (5 mg/mL), sup + inf | Spies-Cam, Karl Storz; Firefly, da Vinci; PDE, Hamamatsu-Photonics |
96.8% | 85.9% |
| Hirsche, C.; et al. [41], 2012 | Colon cancer, T1-3 N0 | 26 | Laparoscopic | 1–4 mL (5mg/mL) sup + inf |
IC-View, Pulsion Medical Systems | 96% | 82% |
| Curie, A.; et al. [42], 2017 | Colon cancer T1-2, N0 | 30 | Endoscopic | 1mL in 4 quadrants (5 mg/mL) | NIR Imaging System, Olympus | 90% | 33% |
| Liberale, G.; et al. [43], 2015 | Colon cancer, Tis-T4, N0-2 |
2 | Intraoperatively detected after 15 min + ex vivo | 0.25 mg/kc, i.v. | PDE, Hamamatsu Photonics | N/A | N/A |
| Liberale, G.; et al. [44], 2016 | Colon cancer, Tis-T4, N0-2 | 20 | Ex vivo | 0.5 mL in four sectors (0.5 mg/mL) | PDE, Hamamatsu Photonics | 95% | 43% |
| Watanabe, J.; et al. [45], 2016 | Splenic flexure cancer stage I–II | 31 | Laparoscopic | 1 mL (2.5 mg/mL) in two points | D-Light P, Karl Storz | 100% | 66% |
| Andersen, H.S.; et al. [46], 2017 | Colic cancer T1-3, all cancers suited for laparoscopic surgery |
29 | Endoscopic | 0.5 mL (25 mg ICG + 9 mL sterile water + 1 mL 20% human albumin) inf + sup | SPIES ICG camera with ICG Xenon 300 light source from Karl Storz | 65.5% | 20% |
| Nagata, K.; et al. [47], 2006 |
Colon/colorectal junction cancer T1-3, N0-2, all cancers suited for laparoscopic surgery |
48 | Subserosal | 5 mL (5 mg/mL) | Laparoscope, Olympus | 98% | 53.6% |
| Kusano, M.; et al. [48], 2008 | Colorectal cancer | 26 | Submucosal | 2 mL (5 mg/mL) | PDE, Hamamatsu Photonics | 88.5% | 33.3% |
| Cahill, R.A.; et al. [49], 2012 | Colon cancer stages I–III |
18 | Submucosal | 2–3 mL | Laparoscope, Olympus | 94% | 100% |
| Van der Pass, M.H.G.M.; et al. [50], 2013 | Colon cancer stages I–III |
14 | Subserosal | 1 mL (2.5 mg/mL, containing 2% human serum albumin) | Laparoscope, Olympus | 100% | 0% |
| Nishigor, N.; et al. [35], 2016 | Colorectal cancer T1-4 N0-2bM0 |
21 | Submucosal/subserously | 0.2–0.3 mL (2.5 mg/mL) | D-Light P System/Image 1 SPIES, Karl Stortz; laparoscope, Olympus |
69.7% | 45% |