WHO	World Health Organization
GC-MS	Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
HPLC	High-performance liquid chromatography
TLC	Thin-Layer Chromatography
LC-MS	Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
IL	Interleukin
TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
NOS	Nitric Oxide Synthase
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase 2
NO	Nitric Oxide
PGE-2	Prostaglandin E2
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor kappa B
AP-1	Activator Protein 1
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
MAPK	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
FXR	Farnesoid X Receptor
Nrf2	Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2
D-GaIN	D-galactosamine
AchE	Acetylcholinesterase
MAO	Monoamine oxidase
5-HT	Serotonin
NMDA	N-Methyl-D-aspartate
GABA	γ-aminobutyric Acid
GAD	Generalized Anxiety Disorder
SSRI	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
NNK	4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
B[a]P	Benzo[a]pyrene
DHM	Dihydromethysticin
DHK	Dihydrokavain
AhR	Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
NNAL	4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol
CYP2A5	Cytochrome P450 2A5
UCC	Urothelial cell carcinoma
TRAMP	Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate
Skp2	S phase Kinase-associated Protein 2
NECa	Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
AR	Androgen Receptor
NSCLC	Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
UCK2	Uridine-Cytidine Kinase 2
XIAP	X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
ALT	Alanine Transaminase
AST	Aspartate transaminase
GGT	Gamma-glutamyltransferase
NTP	National Toxicology Program
BZD	Benzodiazepine
CIOMS	Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
CAERS	CFSAN Adverse Event Reporting System
ADME	Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
CFSAN	Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
QC	Quality control