Table 5.

Kava and its components in cancer prevention.

Components	Cancer Type	Mechanism	Model	Reference
Kava	Lung cancer	Reduction in NNK induced DNA damage	A/J mice	[107]
Kavalactone-rich fraction	Lung cancer	Reduction in NNK induced DNA damage	A/J mice	[108]
	Prostate cancer	Inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation genes and upregulation of antitumor genes, immunity, muscle/neuro, and metabolism-related genes	Male C57BL/6J and female C57BL/6-Tg TRAMP 8247Ng/J mice	[116]
Nonpolar extract	Colon cancer	Reduction in precancerous lesions	Rat	[115]
DHM	Lung cancer	Reduction in NNK induced DNA damage and NNAL detoxification	A/J mice	[33,109,111]
	lung cancer	Reduction in NNK induced DNA damage	C57BL/6 Female Mice	[110]
Flavokavain A	Urothelial cancer	Induction of apoptosis	UPII-SV40T mice	[113]
	Prostate cancer	Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis	Female hemizygous C57BL/TGN TRAMP mice and male C57BL/6 mice	[114]