Effect of HAMA-ERY combination and GA-AMP combination on the ultrastructure morphology of Escherichia coli ATCC25922 cells. Escherichia coli cells treated with (A,F) no drug, (B) ERY (1× MIC), (C) HAMA (1× MIC), (D) HAMA (1× MIC) + ERY (1× MIC), (E) HAMA (½× MIC) + ERY (½× MIC), (G) AMP (1× MIC), (H) GA (1× MIC), and (I) GA (1× MIC) + AMP (1× MIC), (J) GA (½× MIC) + AMP (½× MIC), and examined the cells by scanning electronic microscope. Three independent experiments (n = 3) were performed. Representative images of bacterial cells treated with individual and combination antibacterials are shown, where the images are in 10,000× magnification. Yellow colored arrows indicate septa of binary fission. AMP, ampicillin; ERY, erythromycin; GA, gallic acid; HAMA, hamamelitannin; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration.