Table 1.

Overview of current techniques for 3D models used in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) research.

3D Model	Technique	Literature
Multicellular spheroids	Scaffold: Matrigel and collagen	[34,35,36,37]
	Scaffold: Methylcellulose	[38,39]
	NanoCulture plates	[40]
	Hyaluronan/chitosan coated plates	[41]
	Ultralow attachment plates	[42]
	concave polydimethylsiloxane microwell plates	[43]
	Hanging drop	[38,44,45]
Organoids	Mechanical and chemical dissociation	[46,47,48,49]
Co-cultures	Cultivation with stromal cells	[42,50]
	Cultivation with stellate cells	[51]
	Triple culture with fibroblasts and monocytes	[52,53]
	Triple culture with fibroblasts and endothelial cells	[54]
Biotechnical microsystems	Microfluidic chip	[55]
	Microfluidic plate	[56]
	HepaChip®	[57,58]
	Magnetic bioprinting	[59]