Table 1.
Anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters before and after very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD).
| Parameter | Before VLCKD | After VLCKD | Normal Values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 112 ± 3.7 | 90.9 ± 2.9 * | NA |
| WC (cm) | 126.8 ± 2.2 | 104.2 ± 2.1 * | <102 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37.5 ± 1.1 | 30.5 ± 0.9 * | 19.5–24.9 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 96.1 ± 3 | 84.6 ± 1.8 * | 60–100 |
| Insulin (µUI/mL) | 20.5 ± 2.1 | 6.1 ± 0.4 * | 1.9–23 |
| HOMA index | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.1 * | 0.23–2.5 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 204.3 ± 8.2 | 166.3 ± 4.6 * | <200 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 42 ± 1.4 | 48.8 ± 1.7 * | >48 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 130.9 ± 6.8 | 100.9 ± 4.3 * | NA |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 156.8 ± 16.4 | 83.2 ± 4.4 * | <150 |
| AST (U/L) | 34.1 ± 4.8 | 23.4 ± 1.2 † | <35 |
| ALT (U/L) | 39.4 ± 4.8 | 25.8 ± 1.8 * | <35 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.82 ± 0.02 | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 0.51–0.95 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 2.4–5.7 |
| Vitamin D (mg/L) | 19.9 ± 1.1 | 38.5 ± 1.8 * | 30–100 |
* p < 0.01; † p < 0.05, Legend: NA = not applicable; WC = waist circumference; BMI = body mass index; HOMA = Homeostasis Model Assessment; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase