| Royal jelly | RJ |
| Protease-treated RJ | pRJ |
| Trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid | 10H2DA |
| 10-hydroxydecanoic acid | 10HDAA |
| 2-decenedioic acid | 2DA |
| Sebacic acid | SA |
| Decanoic acid | DA |
| Docosahexaenoic acid | DHA |
| Muscle creatine kinase | Mck |
| Myosin heavy chain | Myhc |
| Muscle ring finger protein 1 | Murf1 |
| Forkhead box O1 | Foxo1 |
| Quantitative real time PCR | qPCR |
| messenger RNA | mRNA |
| Insulin-like growth factor-1 | IGF-1 |
| Insulin-like growth factor receptor | IGFR |