Table 1.
Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes in patients with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) who survived or died. Data are presented as N (%), unless otherwise indicated.
| Parameter | Total | Survived | Died | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 85 | 39 | 46 | |
| Age (years, mean ± S.D.) | 67.0 ± 11.5 | 63.2 ± 12.4 | 70.6 ± 9.5 | 0.0098 |
| Missing/unknown | 20 (24) | 8 (21) | 12 (26) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 16 (19) | 11 (28) | 5 (11) | 0.083 |
| Male | 49 (58) | 20 (51) | 29 (63) | |
| Missing/unknown | 20 (24) | 8 (21) | 12 (26) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 17 (20) | 4 (10) | 13 (28) | 0.056 |
| Diabetes | 15 (18) | 4 (10) | 11 (24) | 0.15 |
| Hypertension | 20 (24) | 9 (23) | 11 (24) | >0.99 |
| Corticosteroids | 39 (46) | 18 (46) | 21 (46) | >0.99 |
| Missing/unknown | 13 (15) | 6 (15) | 7 (15) | |
| Aspergillus species * | ||||
| A. fumigatus | 56 (66) | 26 (67) | 30 (65) | 0.53 |
| A. flavus | 8 (9) | 3 (8) | 5 (11) | |
| A. niger | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| A. terreus | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| A. penicilloides | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| A. tubingensis | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Unknown/not speciated | 18 (21) | 9 (23) | 9 (20) | |
| Resistance | 3 (4) | 1 (3) | 2 (4) | >0.99 |
| Missing/unknown | 69 (81) | 34 (87) | 35 (76) | |
| Time to diagnosis (days, median, interquartile range [IQR]) | 10, 5–15 | 12.5, 2.5–19.5 | 9, 6–13 | 0.86 |
| Missing/unknown | 43 (51) | 20 (51) | 23 (50) | |
| CAPA classification | ||||
| Proven | 6 (7) | 3 (8) | 3 (7) | 0.78 |
| Probable or putative | 67 (79) | 31 (79) | 36 (78) | |
| Possible | 12 (14) | 5 (13) | 7 (15) | |
| Treatment ** | ||||
| None | 15 (18) | 5 (13) | 10 (22) | 0.28 |
| Mold-active triazole (MAT: vori-, posa-, isavuconazole) | 61 (72) | 31 (79) | 30 (65) | 0.61 |
| Voriconazole | 55 (65) | 29 (74) | 26 (57) | 0.11 |
| Isavuconazole | 6 (7) | 2 (5) | 4 (9) | 0.68 |
| Echinocandin (caspo-, mica-, anidulafungin) | 14 (16) | 7 (18) | 7 (15) | 0.78 |
| Amphotericin-B | 21 (25) | 11 (28) | 10 (22) | 0.62 |
* Total > 100% since one patient was coinfected with A. fumigatus and A. flavus. ** Total >100% since patients may have received combination or sequential antifungals.